Female Reproductive System

Front 1

what are the 3 important functions of the female reproductive system?

Back 1

produce hormone/gametes, protect/support embryo, and nourish newborn infant

Front 2

what are the female gonads?

Back 2

ovaries

Front 3

how many immature gamete does the ovaries release per month?

Back 3

one oocyte per month

Front 4

what hormones of the ovaries produce?

Back 4

progesterone and estrogen

Front 5

this structure carries oocytes to uterus

Back 5

fallopian (uterine) tubes

Front 6

what happens to oocyte when fertilization is initiated?

Back 6

the oocyte matures into ovum

Front 7

this organ encloses and supports developing embryo

Back 7

uterus

Front 8

what are the 3 main functions of the ovaries?

Back 8

produce oocytes, secrete hormones, and secrete inhibin

Front 9

immature female gamete

Back 9

oocyte

Front 10

this hormone is involved in feedback control of FSH and is released from anterior pituitary

Back 10

inhibin

Front 11

ovum production

Back 11

oogenesis

Front 12

when does oogenesis begin

Back 12

before birth

Front 13

before birth _________ completes mitotic division to produce _______________. _________________ development stops at ______________ until puberty

Back 13

before birth oogonium completes mitotic division to produce primary oocyte. Primary oocyte development stops or remains in suspended development at prophase of meiosis I until puberty

Front 14

when does oogenesis end?

Back 14

at menopause

Front 15

each primordial follicles contain what?

Back 15

a primary oocyte

Front 16

True or False. At puberty, some primordial follicles will become activated each month, one will release a secondary oocyte (ovulation), and the other activated follicles will degenerate (atresia)

Back 16

true

Front 17

degeneration of activated primordial follicles is called?

Back 17

atresia

Front 18

what triggers the start of the ovarian cycle at puberty?

Back 18

rise in FSH

Front 19

what are 2 differences b/w oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Back 19

cytoplasm of primary oocyte divide unevenly and the ovaries releases secondary oocyte that are suspended in metaphase II

Front 20

when is meiosis in woman compete?

Back 20

when secondary oocyte is fertilized by one sperm cell

Front 21

fertilization of one secondary ooycte by more than on sperm cells is prevented is called

Back 21

polyspermy

Front 22

the ovarian cycle is divided into what 2 phases?

Back 22

follicular (preovulatory) and luteal phase (postovulatory)

Front 23

after puberty, one primordial follicle will develop into a what to release what?

Back 23

develop into a tertiary follicle to release a secondary oocyte

Front 24

what hormone initiates follicular phase of ovarian cycle>?

Back 24

FSH

Front 25

where does meiosis 1 occur in female and where do oocytes grow?

Back 25

ovarian follicles

Front 26

what cells produce estrogen?

Back 26

granulosa cells

Front 27

what is a primary follicle?

Back 27

an activated primordial follicle

Front 28

what are the 3 segments of the uterine tubes

Back 28

infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus

Front 29

inner surfaces of the infundibulum are lined with what

Back 29

cilia

Front 30

epithelium lining uterine tube contains what?

Back 30

mucin-secreting cells and Peg cells

Front 31

how does the uterine tube transport oocytes?

Back 31

by ciliary movement (beating pattern) and peristalsis turned on by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves few hrs before ovulation. The oocyte travels from infundibulum to uterine cavity

Front 32

what must the secondary oocyte do in order for fertilization to occur?

Back 32

secondary oocyte must meet spermatozoa during first 12-24 hrs of ovulation

Front 33

fertilization occurs in what are of the uterus

Back 33

b/w ampulla and isthmus

Front 34

uterine tube secretes what to supply nutrients to developing pre-embryo and sperm?

Back 34

peg cells that contain lipids and glycogen

Front 35

peg cells help the sperm complete what process?

Back 35

capacitation

Front 36

this structure provides protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for developing embryo and fetus

Back 36

uterus

Front 37

embryo developing week _ to _

Back 37

1-8

Front 38

fetus develops week ___ to ______

Back 38

9 to delivery

Front 39

what are the structures of the uterus?

Back 39

body, fundus, cervix, and cervical canal

Front 40

what are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Back 40

perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium

Front 41

thickest layer of uterus that contains longitudinal, circular, oblique layers used for child delivery

Back 41

myometrium

Front 42

this layer of the uterus contains uterine glands and vascular tissue to support fetus; estrogen cause these components to change

Back 42

endometrium

Front 43

what are the 2 zones of the endometrium?

Back 43

functional zone and basilar zone

Front 44

the functional zone contains what?

Back 44

uterine glands, and contributes most of endometrial thickness; blood comes from spiral arteries

Front 45

this zone attaches endometrium to myometrium and blood is supplied b y straight arteries

Back 45

basilar zone

Front 46

uterine cylce is also known as

Back 46

the menstrual cycle

Front 47

the uterine cycle responds to what

Back 47

responds to hormones of ovarian cycle

Front 48

menses and proliferative phase occurs during what?

Back 48

ovarian follicular cycle

Front 49

secretory phase of uterine cycle occurs during what?

Back 49

luteal phase of ovarian cycle

Front 50

degeneration fo functional zone that occurs in patches; basilar zone not affected

Back 50

menses

Front 51

what causes menses to occur

Back 51

constriction of spiral arteries that reduce blood/oxygen flow

Front 52

why do we bleed during menstrual cycle?

Back 52

because the functional zone is destroyed due to constriction of the spiral arteries, this causes the arterial walls to rupture and release flood into the connective tissues of the functional zone

Front 53

entire functional zone is lost and expelled through vagina; last 1-7 days

Back 53

menstruation

Front 54

proliferative phase is due to what?

Back 54

enlargement of primary and secondary follicles causes by estrogen secreted by the developing follicles

Front 55

what occurs during the proliferative phase?

Back 55

epithelial cells restore the uterine epithelium/functional zone and spiral arteries. The uterine glands secrete glycogen mucus to support ovum

Front 56

the secretory phase begins at _________ and pesist as long as ________ remains intact

Back 56

ovulation and persist as long as corpus luteum remains intact

Front 57

when does the secretory phase end?

Back 57

when corpus luteum stopes producing progesterone causing glandular activity to decline

Front 58

lack of menstrual cycle

Back 58

amenorrhea

Front 59

primary amenorrhea is _______ and is caused by ______

Back 59

failure to start menses and is caused by developmental problems such as nonfunctional ovaries or absence of uterus

Front 60

transient secondary amenorrhea occurs due to

Back 60

starvation or stresses that interrupts menstrual cycle for 6 moths or more

Front 61

termination of uterine cycles due to decline in estrogen and progesterone

Back 61

menopause

Front 62

function of vagina

Back 62

passageway for menstrual fluid to leave, receives sperm during sex, and forms lower part of birth canal

Front 63

what makes the vagina moisten (Wet)

Back 63

secretions of cervical glands and water movement

Front 64

vaginal epithelium forms what during relaxed state?

Back 64

rugae

Front 65

contraction of what muscles causes constriction of the vagina

Back 65

two bulbospongiosus muscles

Front 66

the vulva is made of what structures

Back 66

mon pubis and labia majora

Front 67

what lubrciates the inner surfaces of the labia majora

Back 67

sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands

Front 68

clitoris contains erectile tissue similar to

Back 68

corpora cavernoa

Front 69

mucus glands that secrete into vestibular near vaginal entrance during sexual arousal

Back 69

greater vestibular glands

Front 70

vestibular bulbs of female have same embryological origins as what in penis

Back 70

corpus spongiosum

Front 71

vestibular glands in females have same embryonic origins as what in males

Back 71

bulbo-urethral glands

Front 72

specialized organs of integumentary system that secrete milk (lactation)

Back 72

mammary glands

Front 73

lactation is controlled by what

Back 73

hormones and placenta

Front 74

in non-pregnant females, the size of mammary glands reflect amount of ________ and not glandular activity

Back 74

adipose tissue

Front 75

where does the mammary glands lie

Back 75

pectoral fat pad

Front 76

circulating hormones do what in the female reproductive system

Back 76

control the reproductive cycle and coordinate ovulation and uterus preparation

Front 77

follicular phase begins with what hormone stimulation

Back 77

FSH

Front 78

FSH initiates development of what

Back 78

development of primordial follicles into primary follicle

Front 79

as follicles in the follicular phase enlarge what happens? hint: cells produces something

Back 79

the granulosa cells produce estrogen

Front 80

after the secondary follicle develops what does it secrete?

Back 80

inhibin

Front 81

inhibit does what to FSH?

Back 81

lowers FSH levels

Front 82

LH triggers what in females

Back 82

primary oocyte to continue from prophase to produce secondary oocyte ; meiosis II continues and stops at metaphase II

Front 83

tertiary follicle forms ________

Back 83

corpus luteum

Front 84

the corpus luteum produces what hormone which will maintain endometrium

Back 84

progesterone

Front 85

what stimulates the release of LH from anterior pituitary?

Back 85

secondary follicle development into tertiary follicles and rise of estrogen level

Front 86

what happens if fertilization and implantation does not happen

Back 86

corpus luteum degenerates, endometrium deteriorates,

Front 87

5 functions of estrogen

Back 87

1. bone/muscle growth
2.maintain female secondary sex characteristics
3. affects CNS activity--increases sex drive in hypothal
4. maintains accessory glands and organs
5. starts growth/repair of endometrium

Front 88

when estrogen and progesterone levels fall due to corpus luteum degeneration, this causes the release of _______ to increase form ant pit. and resetting the ovarian cycle

Back 88

FSH

Front 89

progesterone from corpus luteum reduces _________ release (release of FSH/LH) to prevent maturation and release

Back 89

GnRH