Bsc2086 Mastering A&p Endocrine System

Front 1

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress?

Back 1

epinephrine

Front 2

n response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?

Back 2

decreased insulin secretion

Front 3

Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma?

Back 3

heart palpitations

Front 4

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a “moon face.”

Back 4

Cushing’s disease

Front 5

What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor?

Back 5

ADH (vasopressin)

Front 6

Compared to the endocrine system, the nervous system is __________.

Back 6

more localized in action
more rapidly acting
briefer in action

Front 7

In paracrine communication a chemical signal acts within the tissue that produced it; in endocrine communication the signal reaches the target cells by way of the circulation. Are these two statements true or false?

Back 7

Both statements are true.

Front 8

Endocrine cells __________.

Back 8

contain secretory vesicles
secrete into extracellular fluid
perform intercellular communication

Front 9

Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?

Back 9

cortisol

Front 10

What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones?

Back 10

activation of genes, which increases protein synthesis in the cell

Front 11

After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?

Back 11

acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene

Front 12

What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?

Back 12

water-soluble hormones, such as insulin and epinephrine

Front 13

Which is the correct order of events for hormones activating Gs proteins?

Back 13

activation of G protein, binding of GTP, activation of adenylate cyclase, conversion of ATP to cAMP

Front 14

what hormone does the thyroid gland secrete

Back 14

calcitonin

Front 15

what hormone diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular receptor?

Back 15

steroid

Front 16

Lipid-soluble hormones usually bind to __________ receptors.

Back 16

intranuclear

Front 17

Which of these hormones is not derived from an amino acid?

epinephrine
parathyroid hormone
norepinephrine
thyroid hormone

Back 17

parathyroid hormone

Front 18

Peptide hormones ___________.

Back 18

are composed of amino acids

Front 19

Which hormone secreted by the pituitary gland causes the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Back 19

TSH

Front 20

The release of ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland causes the _______.

Back 20

adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

Front 21

Which hormone affects the smooth muscle of the ductus deferens and uterus?

Back 21

OXT (oxytocin)

Front 22

Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine (“letdown”) reflex?

Back 22

oxytocin

Front 23

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?

Back 23

hypothalamus

Front 24

What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?

Back 24

negative feedback

Front 25

The brain region that exerts the most direct effects on the endocrine system is the __________.

Back 25

hypothalamus

Front 26

Which of these hormones exerts a strong effect on adrenal steroid production?

Back 26

ACTH

Front 27

Which of these is released by the neurohypophysis?

Back 27

ADH

Front 28

Which of these signs is often seen in patients suffering from hyperthyroid disease?

Back 28

elevated oxygen utilization
elevated body temperature
elevated heart rate

Front 29

Which chemical element is necessary to make thyroid hormone?

Back 29

iodine

Front 30

Which gland is named for a nearby prominent cartilage?

Back 30

thyroid

Front 31

parathyroid gland regulates?

Back 31

blood calcium concentration

Front 32

Which of these statements about the parathyroid gland is false?

A. It is posterior to thyroid.
B. They secrete a peptide hormone.
C. There are usually four glands.
D. The hormone release is triggered by a rise in blood calcium.

Back 32

The hormone release is triggered by a rise in blood calcium.

Front 33

Which of these might result from excessive parathyroid hormone release?

Back 33

increased loss of bone minerals
osteopenia
elevated blood calcium

Front 34

Which of the following could occur with a hypersecreting tumor of this gland?

Back 34

Elevation of blood pressure and blood glucose concentration

Front 35

Excessive secretion by the adrenal medulla can lead to all of these changes except __________

A. drowsiness
B> elevated BP
C. elevated bloog glucose
D. elevate HR

Back 35

drowsiness

Front 36

Which of these statements about the pineal gland is false?

It produces melatonin.
It receives inputs from the retina.
It is controlled by adenohypophysis.
It promotes sleep.

Back 36

It is controlled by adenohypophysis.

Front 37

The __________ gland secretes melatonin.

Back 37

pineal

Front 38

When blood glucose levels are high...

Back 38

The pancreas releases insulin.

Front 39

A liver cell responds to insulin by

Back 39

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

Front 40

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Back 40

liver cells

Front 41

Body cells that respond to insulin include

Back 41

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body

Front 42

When blood glucose levels are low

Back 42

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

Front 43

The body's tendency to maintain relatively constant internal conditions is called

Back 43

homeostasis.

Front 44

which of the following would activate secretion of a hormone from the pancreas

Back 44

a fallen the blood glucose concentration

Front 45

A rise in blood glucose level will trigger all these responses except __________.

storage of glycogen
increased beta cell secretion
storage of triglycerides
increased epinephrine secretion

Back 45

increased epinephrine secretion

Front 46

Which of these is not produced by pancreatic islet cells?

A. glucagon
B. digestive enzymes
C. insulin
D. somatosatin

Back 46

digestive enzymes

Front 47

Which cells are correctly matched to the hormones they produce?

Back 47

beta cells; insulin

Front 48

Which of the following is NOT involved in elevating blood calcium concentration?

A. calcitriol
B. vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
C. calcitonin
D. parathyroid hormone

Back 48

C. calcitonin

Front 49

Which of these is not a steroid hormone produced by the gonads?

progesterone
estradiol
cortisol
testosterone

Back 49

cortisol

Front 50

Adipose cells produce a hormone called __________ that acts on the brain to reduce food intake.

Back 50

leptin

Front 51

Which of these statements about the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome is not true?

The dominant hormone is epinephrine.
It precedes the exhaustion phase.
The dominant hormones are glucocorticoids.
It follows the alarm phase.

Back 51

The dominant hormone is epinephrine.

Front 52

Which of these hormones is required for normal growth?

Back 52

insulin
thyroid hormone
growth hormone

Front 53

Calcitonin is secreted by which cells?

Back 53

C cells (parafollicular cells) in the thyroid gland

Front 54

The sympathetic nervous system directly stimulates which of the following amine hormones?

Back 54

epinephrine from the adrenal medulla

Front 55

What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure.

Back 55

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Front 56

What amine hormone helps coordinate body activities with the light-dark cycle?

Back 56

melatonin (it increases during darkness, making you drowsy)

Front 57

What hormone promotes glycogen synthesis in liver and muscle?

Back 57

insulin

Front 58

Where is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesized?

Back 58

anterior pituitary