Female Reproductive Histology Ii

Front 1

What forms the corpus hemorrhagicum?

Back 1

1. Collapsed follicle post-ovulation

2. Bleeding of the capillaries in the theca interna into the follicular lumen

Front 2

What forms the corpus luteum?

Back 2

1. Granulosa

2. Theca interna cells

Front 3

What are the two main types of luteal cells?

Back 3

1. Granulosa lutein cells

2. Theca lutein cells

Front 4

What is the function of granulosa lutein cells?

Back 4

1. Large

2. Produce progesterone

3. Convert androgens produced by theca lutein cells into estrogen

Front 5

What is the function of theca lutein cells?

Back 5

1. Produce progesterone and androgens

Front 6

What is the duration of the corpus luteum in pregnancy?

Back 6

1. Throughout

2. Most active in first 8 weeks

Front 7

What hormone is responsible for the existence and functioning of the corpus luteum during pregnancy?

Back 7

1. HCG

Front 8

What is the corpus albicans?

Back 8

1. White scar formed in place of the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur

Front 9

What is ovarian follicular atresia?

Back 9

1. Degeneration of follicles not destined to become mature

2. Stimulated by granulosa cells ceasing to divide and undergoing apoptosis

3. Oocyte becomes smaller and degenerates

4. Scar is formed

Front 10

What are the regions of the uterine tube?

Back 10

1. Infundibulum

2. Ampulla

3. Isthmus

4. Intramural

Front 11

What is the structure of the infundibulum?

Back 11

1. Funnel-like part of uterine tube

2. Opens into peritoneal cavity

3. Fimbriae

4. Functions to trap ovum as it is expelled

Front 12

What is the ampulla?

Back 12

1. Site of fertilizaiton

Front 13

What is the isthmus?

Back 13

1. Narrow segment of uterine tube adjacent to uterus

Front 14

What is the intramural part of the uterine tube?

Back 14

1. Lies within the uterine wall

2. Opens into the lumen of the uterus

Front 15

What are the layers of the uterine tube?

Back 15

1. Mucosa

2. Muscularis

3. Serosa

Front 16

What are the characteristics of the mucosa of the uterine tube?

Back 16

1. Deep longitudinal folds-- best in ampulla

2. Ciliated simple columnar cells

Front 17

What are the two types of cells in the uterine tube mucosa?

Back 17

1. Ciliated cells-- most numerous

2. Peg cells--produce fluid to provide nutrition

Front 18

What is the composition of the muscularis of the uterine tube?

Back 18

1. Inner circular

2. Outer longitudinal

3. Thicker in the isthmus

Front 19

What is the composition of the uterine tube serosa?

Back 19

1. Mesothelium

Front 20

What are the layers of the uterus?

Back 20

1. Endometrium (mucosa)

2. Myometrium (muscularis)

3. Perimetrium (serosa/adventitia)

Front 21

What happens to the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

Back 21

1. Proliferates and degenerates during cycle in preparation for the implantation of the zygote

Front 22

What are the layers of the endoetrium?

Back 22

1. Stratum basale

2. Stratum fucntionale

Front 23

Which of the layers of the endometrium is sloughed off during menstruation?

Back 23

1. Stratum functionale

Front 24

What is the function of the stratum basale of the endometrium?

Back 24

1. Source of regeneration for the stratum functionale

Front 25

What type of epithelium lines the endometrium?

Back 25

1. Simple columnar

Front 26

What type of glands are uterine glands?

Back 26

1. Unbranched tubular glands

Front 27

What is the endometrial stroma?

Back 27

1. 'Lamina propria'

2. High cellular, loose connective tissue

3. Fibroblasts, lymphocytes, plasma cells

Front 28

What are the arcuate arteries in the endometrium?

Back 28

1. Branches of uterine artery

2. Branch in the myometrium

3. Give rise to radial arteries

Front 29

What are the straight arteries of the endometrium?

Back 29

1. Branch of radial arteries

2. Supply stratum basale

Front 30

What are the spiral arteries of the endometrium?

Back 30

1. Branches of radial arteries

2. Supply stratum functional

Front 31

What are the lacunae of the endometrium?

Back 31

1. Dilated capillaries

Front 32

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?

Back 32

1. Proliferative

2. Secretory

3. Menstrual

Front 33

What happens during the proliferative phase?

Back 33

1. Stratum basale proliferates rapidly

2. Stromal cells proliferate and secrete collagen and ground substance

3. Spiral arteries penetrate endometrium

Front 34

What drives the proliferative phase?

Back 34

1. Concurrent with follicular maturation

2. Influenced by estrogen of the ovary

Front 35

How long does the proliferative phase last?

Back 35

1. 1 day after ovulation

Front 36

With what is the secretory phase concurrent? What drives this phase?

Back 36

1. Active corpus luteum

2. Driven by progesterone

Front 37

What happens in the secretory phase?

Back 37

1. Endometrium doubles in height

2. Activation of uterine glands-- become corkscrew shaped

3. Glands become engorged

4. Vasculature becomes more complex

Front 38

What causes the menstrual phase?

Back 38

1. Decline in production of progesterone and estrogen

2. Spiral arteries contract, stratum functionale becomes ischemic

3. Glands stop secreting, endometrium shrinks

Front 39

What constitutes the vaginal discharge in the menstrual phase?

Back 39

1. Epithelial cells

2. Stromal cells

3. Blood

4. Uterine fluid

Front 40

What are the layers of the myometrium?

Back 40

1. Inner longitudinal layer

2. Middle circular layer--- 'stratum vasculare'

3. Outer longitudinal

Front 41

What is leiomyoma?

Back 41

1. Most frequently diagnosed gynecologic tumor

2. Benign tumor of myometrium

3. Composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue

4. Growth is hormone-dependent

Front 42

What is a leiomyosarcoma?

Back 42

1. Malignant tumor of myometrium or endometrium

2. Post-menopausal

Front 43

What makes up the perimetrium?

Back 43

1. Mesothelial lining

2. Submesothelial loose connective tissue

Front 44

What is the epithelium that lines the cervix?

Back 44

1. Simple columnar in proximal part of cervix (endocervix)

2. Stratified squamous in distal part (ectocervix)

Front 45

What is the cervix transition zone?

Back 45

1. Border between endocervix and ectocervix

2. Contains extremely long and branched glands

Front 46

What area of the cervix is a common site for cervical cancer?

Back 46

1. Transition zone

Front 47

What is the epithelium of the vagina?

Back 47

1. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

2. Produce glycogen--- metabolized to acid by luminal bacteria--- responsible for low pH

Front 48

What makes up the muscularis of the vagina?

Back 48

1. Inner circular

2. Outer longitudinal