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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting?
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Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) represents the most common acute illness evaluated in the outpatient setting
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What is the most common cause of an URI?
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Viruses account for most URIs
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what is rhinitis?
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Inflammation of the nasal mucosa
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What is rhinosinusitis?
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Inflammation of the nares and paranasal sinuses, including frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid
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What is Nasopharyngitis?
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Inflammation of the nares, pharynx, hypopharynx, uvula, and tonsils
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How are most viruses spread?
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Person-to-person spread of viruses accounts for most URIs
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What type of immunity lines the respiratory tract?
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Humoral immunity (immunoglobulin A) and cellular immunity act to reduce infections throughout the entire respiratory tract
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Why is it difficult to provide immunity to most URI?
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Viral agents include a vast number of serotypes, which undergo frequent changes in antigenicity, posing challenges to immune defense
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What virus and bacteria need 1-5d inoculation?
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Rhinoviruses and group A streptococci may incubate for 1-5 days
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When are sinusitis common?
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Sinusitis is common in persons with viral URIs
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Epiglottitis is caused by what bacteria?
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Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine
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When does laryngitis and laryngotracheitis peak?
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6mo to 6yr
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What causes whooping cough / pertussis?
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Bordetella pertussis
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What % of pharyngitis is caused by strepococcal pharyngitis?
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only 5-15%
infection is rarely diagnosed in children younger than 2 years |
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What % of people who have the EBV will contract mononucleosis?
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35-50% of adolescents and young adults who contract EBV infection have mononucleosis
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When do most colds occur?
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most colds occur during fall and winter
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When does Laryngotracheobronchitis, or croup most commonly occur?
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occurs in fall and winter
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is epiglottitis seasonal?
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nope
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when is the rhinovirus most common?
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spring, summer, and early autumn
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When is coronavirus most active?
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winter and early spring
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When are most adenoviral respiratory infections common?
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common in late winter, spring, and early summer
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when is flu season?
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november until march
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what is the most common cause of croup and when is it most common?
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Human PIV type 1
leading cause of croup in children, currently causes autumnal outbreaks in the United States during odd-numbered years |
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what is the leading cause of acute morbidity and missed days from school or work
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common cold
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What is the leading acute cause of office visits to a physician in the United States.
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common cold
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Why is epiglottitis a concern?
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This infection poses a risk of death due to sudden airway obstruction and other complications, including septic arthritis, meningitis, empyema, and mediastinitis
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what nationality has the higest rates of Hob disease?
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Alaskan Natives
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A 32 yo female presents with itchy watery eyes, sneezing, sore throat, and a mild cough?
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cough
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A 23 yo presents with nasal discahrge, nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, hacking cough, malaise, fever, with duration 3-14 days
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upper respiratory infection
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A 55 yo male presents with soreness behind the eyes, nasal discharge, dry cough, headache, fever of 102 for the past 4 days, malaise is common, weakness for the past week, myalgia, this has been going on for a week
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influenza
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what can extended infection of a strep infection lead to?
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rheumatic fever
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