Family Chapter 12

Front 1

total fertility rate

Back 1

The average number of children that a woman bears in her lifetime.

Front 2

aging population

Back 2

a population in which the percentage that is age 65 and older is increasing relative to other age groups.

Front 3

family

Back 3

A social institution that binds people together through blood, marriage, law and or social norms. Family members are generally expected to care for and support each other.

Front 4

Ideal

Back 4

a Standard against which real cases can be compared.

Front 5

life chances.

Back 5

A critical set of potential social advantages, including the chance to survive the first year of life, to live independently in old age, and everything in between.

Front 6

Secure parental employment

Back 6

A situation in which at least one parent or guardian is employed full time (35 or more hours per week for at least 50 weeks in the past year)

Front 7

Productive work

Back 7

work that involves the production of the means of existence of food clothing and shelter and the tools necessary for that production.

Front 8

reproductive work

Back 8

work that involves bearing children, caregiving, managing households, and educating children.

Front 9

exogamy

Back 9

Norms requiring or encouraging people to choose a partner from a social category other than their own.

Front 10

endogamy

Back 10

norms requiring or encouraging people to choose a partner from the same social category as their own.

Front 11

low-technology tribal societies

Back 11

Hunting and gathering societies with technologies that do not permit the creation of surplus wealth.

Front 12

fortified households

Back 12

preindustrial arrangements characterized by no police force, militia, national guard, or other peacekeeping organization. Instead, the household acts as an armed unit, and the head of the household acts as its military commander.

Front 13

impairment

Back 13

A physical or mental condition that interferes with someone's ability to preform an activity that the average person can perform without technical or human assistance.

Front 14

disability

Back 14

Something society has imposed on those with certain impairments because of how inventions were designed and social activities organized to exclude them and to accommodate others.

Front 15

tyranny of the normal

Back 15

a point of view that assumes those who are impaired with regard to some activity such as walking are also impaired in other areas that do not involve walking.

Front 16

Core concept 1

Back 16

An amazing variety of family arrangements exists in the world. This variety makes it difficult to define family

Front 17

Core concept 2

Back 17

Family can be defined in terms of the social functions it performs for society.

Front 18

Core concept 3

Back 18

Family life is not always harmonious. Furthermore, the family passes on social privilege and social disadvantages to its members, thereby perpetuating the system of social inequality.

Front 19

Core Concept 4

Back 19

Family Structures are not static; they change in response to larger economic, cultural, historical, and social forces. Sociologists track changes in family structure over time and seek to identify triggers of change.

Front 20

Core concept 5

Back 20

Over the past 100 years, fundamental shifts in the economy, a decline in parental authority, the changing status of children, and dramatic increases in life expectancy have changed the family structure.

Front 21

Core Concept 6

Back 21

The aging of the population has no historical precedent. the family must find ways to adapt to this situation and to balance the care giving needs of the elderly against others who need care.