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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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appeal to force |
arguer threatens the reader/listener |
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appeal to pity |
arguer elicits pity from the reader/listener |
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appeal to the people |
arguer incites a mob mentality or appeals to our desire for security, love, or respect |
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accident |
a general rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover |
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straw man |
arguer distorts an opponent's argument and then attacks the distorted argument
*there must be two arguers |
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missing the point |
arguer draws a conclusion different from the one supported by the premises |
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red herring |
arguer leads the reader/listener off the track |
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appeal to unqualified authority |
arguer cites an untrustworthy authority |
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appeal to ignorance |
premises report that nothing is known or proved about some subject, and then a conclusion is drawn about that subject |
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hasty generalization |
a general conclusion is drawn from an atypical sample |
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false cause |
conclusion depends on a nonexistent or minor causal connection |
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slippery slope |
conclusion depends on an unlikely chain reaction of causes |
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weak analogy |
conclusion depends on a defective analogy(similarity) |
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begging the question |
arguer creates the illusion that inadequate premises are adequate by leaving out a key premise, restating the conclusion as a premise, or reasing in a circle |
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complex question |
multiple questions are concealed in a single question |
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false dichotomy |
an "either... or..." premise hides additional alternatives |
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suppressed evidence |
arguer ignores important evidence that requires a different conclusion |
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equivocation |
conclusion depends on a shift in meaning of a word or phrase |
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amphiboly |
conclusion depends on an incorrect interpretation of an ambiguous statement made by someone other than the arguer |
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composition |
an attribute is incorrectly transferred from the parts to the whole |
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division |
an attribute is incorrectly transferred from the whole to the parts |
