Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
appeal to unqualified authority (argumentum ad verecundiam) |
a variety of the argument from authority and occurs when the cited authority or witness lacks credibility.
*the person might lack the requisite expertise, might be biaased or prejudiced, might have a motive to lie or disseminate "misinformation," or might lack the requisite ability to perceive or recall. |
|
|
appeal to ignorance (argumentum ad ignorantiam) |
when the premises of an argument state that nothing has been proved one way or the other about something, and the conclusion then makes a definite assertion about that thing.
*usually involves something that is incapable of being proved or something that has not yet been proved. |
|
|
hasty generalization (otherwise called converse accident) |
occurs when there is a reasonable likelihood that the sample is not representative of the group.
*such a likelihood may arise if the sample is either too small or not randomly selected. |
|
|
false cause |
occurs whenever the link between premises and conclusion depends on some imagined causal connection that probably does not exist. |
|
|
false cause: post hoc ergo propter hoc ("after this, therefore on account of this") |
presupposes that just because one event precedes another event, the first event causes the second. |
|
|
false cause: non cause pro cause ("not the cause for the cause") |
committed when what is taken to be the cause of something is not really the cause at all and the mistake is based on something other than mere temporal succession. |
|
|
false cause: oversimplified cause |
occurs when a multitude of causes is responsible for a certain effect but the arguer selects just on of these causes and represents it as if it were the sole cause. |
|
|
slippery slope |
occurs when the conclusion of an argument rests on an alleged chain reaction and there is not sufficient reason to think that the chain reaction will actually take place. |
|
|
weak analogy |
committed when the analogy is not strong enough to support the conclusion that is drawn. |
