Fallacies

Front 1

ad hominem

Back 1

Attempting to rebut a source's argument or claim on the basis of considerations that logically apply to the source rather than the argument or claim.

Front 2

popularity from argument

Back 2

Accepting or urging others to accept a claim simply because all or most or some substatial number of people believe it.

Front 3

wishful thinking

Back 3

Accepting a claim because you want it to be true, or rejecting it because you don't want it to be true.

Front 4

argument from outrage

Back 4

An attempt to persuade others by provoking anger in them, usually by inflammatory words, followed by a conclusion of some sort.

Front 5

straw man

Back 5

Someone ignores an opponent's actual position and present in its place a distored, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of that position.

Front 6

red herring (smoke screen)

Back 6

An irrelevant topic or consideration introduced into a discussion to divert attention from the original issue.

Front 7

post hoc

Back 7

Cause and effect. Post hoc also manifests itself as a bias towards jumping to conclusions based on coincidences.

Front 8

group think fallacy

Back 8

Fallacy that occurs when someone lets identification with a group take the place of reason and deliberation when arriving at a position on an issue.

Front 9

scare tactics

Back 9

Trying to scare someone into accepting or rejecting a claim. A common form merely describing a frightening scenario rather than offering evidence that some activity will cause it.

Front 10

Poisoning the well

Back 10

Attempting to discredit, in advance, what a person might claim by relating unfavorable information about the person.