Fa - Pharm 7

Front 1

bile acid resins increase:

Back 1

the chol. content of bile,

increasing the risk for stones

(fibrates also inc. chol. content of bili, by check

Front 2

how do ACEI's induce acute renal failure?

Back 2

they decrease Filtration Fraction and thus renal perfusion by dilating efferent arteriole

Front 3

low doses of DOPA stimulate D1 r's to:

Back 3

vasodilate renal and mesenteric arteries;

Front 4

high doses of DOPA stimulate:

Back 4

B1, to inc. contractility

Front 5

still higher (highest) doses of DOPA stimulate:

Back 5

a1, => vasoconstriction

Front 6

never forget that apart from dry cough and angioedema, ACEI's can cause:

Back 6

acute renal failure,

by dilating efferent arteriole and thus dec. renal perfusion

Front 7

Pirenzepine blocks:

Back 7

ACH at ECL (M1) and parietal cells (M3)

Front 8

mech. of Daptomycin:

Back 8

disrupts bact. membrane

Front 9

3 uses for lipopeptide antibiotics:

Back 9

multi-R GP's

1. VRE

2. MRSA

3. corynebact.

Front 10

mech. of Metoclopramide:

(3)

Back 10

1. D2 antagonist

2. 5HT3 antagonist

3. 5HT4 agonist

=> prokinetic

Front 11

to treat ADHD:

(2)

Back 11

1. CNS stimulants
(methylphenidate, dextroamph)

2. Atomoxetine (non-stim. SNRI)

Front 12

Why is cilastatin administered with imipenem?

Back 12

Imipenem is rapidly degraded by the renal enzyme dehydropeptidase I

- always administered with cilastatin, which inhibits dehydropeptidase

Front 13

mech. of Triptans:

Back 13

5HT(1b/1d) agonist

- treats migraines and cluster HA's

Front 14

mech. of RIfampin:

Back 14

DNA-dependent **RNAP inhibitor**

Front 15

3 Loop diuretics:

Back 15

1. Furosemide

2. Bumetanide

3. Ethacrynic acid (non-sulfa)

Front 16

3 SE's of Chloramphenicol:

Back 16

1. BM suppression (dose-dependent)

2. Gray baby syndrome

3. aplastic anemia (rare, ind.)

Front 17

what are Class IA antiarrhythmics used for?

Back 17

most atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

Front 18

5 AA derivatives that cause vasoconstriction:

Back 18

1. TXA2

LTC4, D4, E4

5. PGF2α

Front 19

2 meds for anorexia nervosa:

Back 19

1. Paroxetine (SSRI)

2. Mirtazipine

Front 20

2 meds for Bulimia:

Back 20

1st line – SSRIs

alt = TCA’s

Front 21

Arachidonic acid can be obtained from:

Back 21

1. diet, directly

2. conversion from the essential linoleic acid

Front 22

2 drugs that can cause coronary vasospasm:

Back 22

Cocaine,

Sumatriptan

Front 23

mech. of sulfonylureas:

Back 23

↑ Insulin secretion by closing ATP-gated K+ channel in pancreatic β cell memb

TYPE II ONLY

Front 24

2nd-gen anti-H's

(3)

Back 24

1. Loratadine

2. Fexofenadine

3. Cetirizine

Front 25

mech. of inhaled corticosteroids:

Back 25

Inhibit phospholipase A2

Front 26

Etoposide inhibits:

Back 26

Topo II only

Front 27

emollients work b/c they have:

Back 27

high lipid content

Front 28

2 antib's that disrupt cell memb:

Back 28

1. Daptomycin

2. Polymyxins

Front 29

what does Imatinib do?

Back 29

inhibits constitutive Bcr-Abl TK

Front 30

what are Class IB antiarrhythmics used for?

(2)

Back 30

1. termination of V-tachs

2. prevention of V-fibs following cardioversion (make heart rhythm nl)

Front 31

Rifampin is a potent CYP3A4 _____

Back 31

inducer

Front 32

prodrug with anti-RNA virus activity:

Back 32

Ribavarin

Front 33

mech. of Foscarnet:

Back 33

pyroP analogue that preferentially **inhibits viral DNAP**

Front 34

Retinoids activate retinoic acid; treat:

(3)

Back 34

1. acne

2. psoriasis

3. aged skin

Front 35

4 toxicities of Vancomycin:

Back 35

1. Nephrotoxicity
2. Ototoxicity
3. Thrombophlebitis
4. Red man syndrome

Front 36

Red Man syndrome ~~

Back 36

DIRECT activation of mast cells (not IgE-mediated)

=> flushing, erythema, and pruritus

Front 37

pruritis = SE of:

Back 37

Niacin

Front 38

SE of Chlorpromazine:

Back 38

corneal deposits

Front 39

4 K+-sparing diuretics:

Back 39

1. Spironolactone

2. Eplerenone
(Aldo-r' antagonists)


3. Amiloride

4. Triamterine
(Na+-chan blockers)

Front 40

**mech. of NNRTI's:

Back 40

DIRECTLY inhibit RT

Front 41

SE of Thioridazine:

Back 41

retinal deposits

Front 42

better list of CYP Inducers:

(5)

Back 42

CBZ

Griseofulvin

Phenobarbital (a Barb)

Phenytoin

Rifampin

Front 43

better list of CYP inhibitors:

(7)

Back 43

-Azoles

Cimetidine

Cipro

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

Grapefruit juice

INH

Protease inhibitors

Front 44

1st-line tx for Essential / AD familial tremor =

Back 44

Propranolol

- alcohol helps

Front 45

Melatonin supplementation is especially useful for tx of:

Back 45

insomnia due to jet lag

Front 46

another name for NO =

Back 46

EDRF - endo relaxation factor

- there are muscarinic r's within endo

=> muscarinic agonists release NO

=> cGMP => Ca2+ efflux => SM relaxation

Front 47

Methadone is NOT a partial agonist, but works well b/c of:

Back 47

good oral bioavailability and LONG half-life

Front 48

tx for trigeminal neuralgia =

Back 48

CBZ

Front 49

CBZ treats:

(5)

Back 49

1. partial sez's

2. complex sez's

3. gen. tonic-clonic sez's

4. Bipolar

5. trigeminal neuralgia

Front 50

3 other drugs that can cause SER Syndrome:

Back 50

1. Tramadol
(analgesic)

2. Ondansetron

3. Linezolid

Front 51

6 features of SER Syndrome:

Back 51

1. AMS

2. clonus/myoclonus

3. hyperthermia

4. rigidity

5. diaphoresis

6. tremor

Front 52

4 short-acting Benzo's (less likely to cause drowsiness):

Back 52

1. Alprazolam

2. Triazolam

3. Oxazepam

4. Lorazepam

Front 53

longer-acting Benzo's can cause drowsiness, =>

Back 53

falls in older pts

Front 54

Zolpidem =

Back 54

non-benzo hypnotic

- fast-acting, few SE's

Front 55

mech. of organophosphates:

Back 55

*prevent* ACH *breakdown*

(bind irreversibly to ACHE)

Front 56

mech. of botulinum:

Back 56

prohibit ACH release

Front 57

PBP's are:

Back 57

transpeptidases

- the enzymes that PCN's/cephalosporins bind

Front 58

**meningococcal meningitis prophylaxis is achieved with:

Back 58

Rifampin

Front 59

**d.o.c. for combined absence AND tonic-clonic sez's:

Back 59

Valproic acid

(it can treat absence sez's as well)

Front 60

compared to Benzo's, Buspirone has:

(2)

Back 60

1. less abuse pot.

2. NO muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, or hypnotic properties

Front 61

Buspirone cannot treat:

Back 61

anything *but* GAD

Front 62

best 2 classes of med for sea sickness =

Back 62

1. anti-muscarinics

2. 1st-gen anti-H's, which have anti-muscarinic action

Front 63

hyperpyrexia =

Back 63

body T >40C

- treat with cooling blanket immediately (anti-pyretics will take time to act)

Front 64

Phenytoin is metabolized by P450;

Back 64

remember "AED's" in Always, Always, Always, Always Think...

Front 65

Benz'a, Barbs, and alcohol all bind:

Back 65

GABA-A,

enhance it

Front 66

GABA-A and -C are ion channels, while GABA-B is:

Back 66

G-prot. coupled

Front 67

tx for Alz =

Back 67

Donepezil

- ACHE inhibitor, keeping ACH around

Front 68

Memantine =

Back 68

NMDA r' antagonist

- also used for Alz

Front 69

3 TCA's:

Back 69

1. Imipramine

2. Amitriptyline

3. Clomipramine

Front 70

why are anticholinergics contraindicated in glaucoma?

Back 70

they cause mydriasis (dilated pupil)

=> pot. to close the angle

Front 71

what does Atropine do at the heart?

Back 71

blocks vagal influence on the SA and AV node

=> inc. HR

Front 72

long-term alcohol use =>

Back 72

downreg. of GABA-A r's

- alc. withdrawal => over-excitation due to lack of GABA r's

Front 73

which kind of Benzo's 1st-line for alcohol withdrawal?

Back 73

long-acting Benzo's

- Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide

Front 74

short-acting Benzo's (Lorazepam, Oxazepam) are used for alcohol withdrawal with:

Back 74

significant liver dz

Front 75

Dantrolene blocks:

Back 75

Ryanodine r's

- prevents Ca2+ from coming out of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 76

Malignant Hyperthermia occurs via:

(2)

Back 76

1. inhaled anesthetics

2. succinylcholine

Front 77

Buspirone takes 2 weeks to start working; meanwhile, it will NOT be effective if:

Back 77

used as-needed

- must take it regularly

Front 78

1st-gen anti-H's:

(3)

Back 78

1. Hydroxyzine

2. Diphenhydramine

3. Chlorpheniramine

Front 79

unlike other typical antipsychotics, Clozapine acts on:

Back 79

D4 r's

Front 80

2 main SE's of Clozapine:

Back 80

1. agranulocytosis

2. sez's

(atypical antipsychotic)

Front 81

Primidone =

Back 81

AED that's metabolized to Phenobarbital and PEMA

Front 82

2 nonergot DOPA agonists:

Back 82

Pramipexole,

Ropinirole

Front 83

2 ergot DOPA agonists:

Back 83

Bromocriptine,

Pergolide

Front 84

Vit. E def. ~~

(3)

Back 84

HmA, ataxia, myopathy

(nly protects FA's from oxidation)

Front 85

3 SE's of Niacin:

Back 85

1. facial flushing,
(via PG)

2. hyperglycemia,

3. hyperuricemia

Front 86

"ferrous" =

Back 86

Fe2+

- "ferric" = Fe3+

Front 87

N-myc =

Back 87

TF

- binds to DNA

Front 88

what kind of drug is Streptomycin?

Back 88

Aminoglycoside

- prevents INITIATION of translation, by distorting 30S ribosomal subunit

Front 89

what is the exact mech. of Tetracyclines?

Back 89

interfere with aminoacyl-tRNA binding to A site

Front 90

G6PD def. is actually a problem with:

Back 90

the HMP shunt pathway

(G6P to 6-Phosphogluconate)

Front 91

product of Ethylene glycol metabolism by alcohol dehydrogenase:

Back 91

oxalic acid

=> met. acid, acute renal failure

Front 92

short-acting B-agonists (MAT) are used for:

Back 92

acute bronchospasm

Front 93

methanol => formaldehyde and formic acid; formic acid =>

Back 93

formate

=> optic nerve injury, met. acidosis

Front 94

folic acid is a cofactor in the conversion of:

Back 94

formic acid to CO2

Front 95

what is the antidote for ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning?

Back 95

Fomepizole

- inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Front 96

Flucytosine/5-FU inhibits DNA and DNA synthesis, and is synergistic with:

Back 96

Amphotericin B

Front 97

ethanol (alcohol) is converted to:

Back 97

acetaldehyde

Front 98

R to vancomycin ~~

Back 98

D-Ala-D-Lac,

or D-Ala-D-Ser

Front 99

what do K+ blockers do at the heart?

Back 99

prolong repolarization

Front 100

amoxicillin is combined:

Back 100

clavulanic acid