Fa - Pharm 6

Front 1

"bladder atony" =

Back 1

urinary retention (not contracting)

- treated with Bethanechol, which stimulates M3 to contract the bladder => urination

Front 2

3 second-gen anti-H's:

Back 2

1. Loratadine

2. Fexofenadine

3. Cetirizine

Front 3

Amphotericin B = d.o.c. for:

Back 3

mucormycosis

("fungi of the soil")

Front 4

Prophylaxis in HIV for these bugs

PCP
(200)

Histoplasma capsulatum
(<150)

Toxoplasma
(<100)

MAC (avium + intracellure)
(<50)

Back 4

TMP-SMX

Itraconazole

TMP-SMX

Z-pak,


respectively

Front 5

***Losartan =

Back 5

ARB

- used in place of ACEI; don't cause cough and don't metabolize bradykinin

Front 6

in order to work, INH MUST be processed by:

Back 6

the mycobacteria's catalase-peroxidase

Front 7

Nifedipine's peripheral vasodilation =>

Back 7

reflexive tachycardia

Front 8

Prostacyclin = PGI2; 2 actions:

Back 8

1. vasodilation

2. inhibition of plat. aggregation

Front 9

hypoK+ increases pt susceptibility to:

Back 9

Digoxin (Digitalis) toxicity

Front 10

3 SE's of Digoxin:

Back 10

1. AV block

2. V-tach arrhythmias

3. hyperK+

Front 11

B1-agonists like Dobutamine INCREASE:

Back 11

myocardial O2 consumption,

by increasing HR

Front 12

Pyridoxine =

Back 12

Vit. B6

- nec. with INH, which would otherwise deplete it

Front 13

Fluticasone =

Back 13

inhaled corticosteroid

Front 14

asthma DOES ~~

Back 14

mucus plugging

Front 15

"air fluid level" =

Back 15

abscess on CT, often from anaerobic oral org's AND aerobic org's

- tx with Clindamycin

Front 16

Bosentan =

Back 16

competitive antagonist of endothelin r's

- treats primary (idiopathic) PHTN

Front 17

Li2+ taken by mom =>

Back 17

Ebstein's phen. in utero

- atrialization of the right ventricle, with tricuspid damage

Front 18

the Polyenes act by:

Back 18

binding to the ACTUAL ergosterol

- vs. inhibiting its synth like -allyl amines or -azoles

Front 19

opioids can cause contraction of:

Back 19

SM in the Oddi

=> biliary colic, obs.

Front 20

Dimercaprol is ONLY for:

Back 20

Lead

- along with EDTA

Front 21

N-acetylcysteine =

Back 21

a sulfhydryl group

Front 22

NF-kB =>

Back 22

release of cytokines

- seen in Crohn's

Front 23

Polyethylene glycol =

Back 23

osmotic laxative

- similar to a nonabsorbable mlcl in the lumen - water will come out via osmosis

Front 24

3 mech's of Ribavarin, used to treat HCV (+IFNa):

Back 24

1. lethal hypermutation of HCV RNA

2. direct inhibition of RNAP

3. defective 5' cap of HCV mRNA

Front 25

Halothane ~~

Back 25

hepatotoxicity that looks like viral hepatitis
=> hepatocyte death => dec. prot. synth

- replaced with "-fluranes"

Front 26

Ethanol actually increases:

Back 26

iron absorption

- worse hemachromatosis in alcoholics

Front 27

tx for VIPoma =

Back 27

Somatostatin / Octreotide

Front 28

INH is metabolized by:

Back 28

acetylation

=> fast and slow acetylators = biphasic population

Front 29

tx for prolactinoma =

Back 29

DOPA agonists like Bromocriptine

- keep it basally inhibited

Front 30

Octreotide =

Back 30

Somatostatin analog

- blocks GHRH at ant. pit.

=> no GH

Front 31

role of B-blockers like Propranolol in hyperthy:

(2)

Back 31

1. dec. rate of peripheral conversion from T4 to T3

2. negate SNS/B adrenergic r' upregulation by T3

Front 32

mech of Thionamides (PTU, Methimazole):

Back 32

1. inhibit peroxidase

2. PTU also decreases peripheral conversion

Front 33

tx for decreasing exophthalmopathy in pt with Grave's:

Back 33

corticosteroids

Front 34

what blood count increases with corticosteroids therapy?

Back 34

N's

(demargination)

- all other leukocytes dec.

Front 35

Leuprolide effect is first:

Back 35

stimulatory,

then quickly inhibitory

Front 36

**Metformin is absolutely contraindicated in pts with:

Back 36

renal failure, due to risk of LA accum.

- really, it's contraindicated in a/t that might cause LA - hepatic dysfunction, CHF, sepsis, alcoholism

Front 37

Metyrapone is a testing drug that blocks:

Back 37

11-B-hydroxylase,

thereby reducing serum cortisol and stimulating ACTH

Front 38

**Prolactin INHIBITS:

Back 38

GnRH

=> hypogonadism

=> anovulation

Front 39

cat's effect on BP:

Back 39

**INCREASED** via vasoconstriction

Front 40

Flutamide =

Back 40

anti-androgen

- binds TEST *and* DHT r's

Front 41

Chlorpromazine =

Back 41

anti-emetic

- D2 blocker

Front 42

tx of OCD:

(3)

Back 42

1. SSRIs

Alternatives:

2. Clomipramine (TCA)

and

3. Olanzapine (atypical)

Front 43

2 meds that treat depression with insomnia:

Back 43

1. Trazodone

2. Mirtazapine

Front 44

inhaled anesthetics with inc. lipid solubility can cross the BBB and so are:

Back 44

MORE potent

Front 45

2 drugs to treat depression with painful peripheral neuropathy:

Back 45

1. Amitriptyline (TCA)

2. Duloxetine (SNRI)

Front 46

mech. of TCA's:

(5)
(+ OD effects)

Back 46

1. prevent reuptake of NOR and SER
(=> sez's, tremors)

2. blocks central and peripheral Muscarinic r's

3. blocks a1
(=> vasodilation)

4. blocks cardiac fast Na+ chans
(=> arrhythmias, hypotension)

5. H1 blockers
(=> sedation)

Front 47

OCP's reduce the risk of:

Back 47

non-hereditary ovarian and endometrial CA's

- multiparity and breast-feeding also dec. ovarian CA risk

(***key is decreased amount of ovulation***)

Front 48

Argatroban =

Back 48

DIRECT thrombin inhibitor

- used during HIT

Front 49

anemia from lead poisoning is the result of:

Back 49

inhibition of ALAD, ferrochelatase

Front 50

FGF ~~

Back 50

angiogenesis, wound repair, embryonic development

Front 51

ristocetin test:

Back 51

activates GP2b3a;

nl = plats aggregate, bleeding time and PT dec.

abnl result = NO agg., BT and PT remain high
= vWD

Front 52

Schilling test: in dietary def. of B12, radiolabeled B12 is:

Back 52

absorbed in the gut and excreted in the urine in nl amounts (>5%)

(body wants it so bad that it takes it up as much as possible => urine)

Front 53

GP41 ~~

Back 53

PENETRATION (fusion)

not attachment (GP120)

Front 54

Ca2+ blockers used to treat HTN (Amlodipine, Nifedipine) can result in:

Back 54

facial flushing and *peripheral edema*

Front 55

2 first-line drugs for the tx of isolated systolic HTN (~elderly):

Back 55

Dihydropyridine Ca2+ blockers, Thiazides

- ACEI's/ARB's in diabetics

Front 56

SE of statins (besides myopathy) =

Back 56

hepatotoxicity

Front 57

remember that both statins and bile acid sequestrants can cause:

Back 57

chol. and bile gallstones, respectively

Front 58

NOR stimulates:

Back 58

cardiac B1

Front 59

3 effects of NOR:

Back 59

1. vasoconstriction via a1 / Gq

2. dec. release of insulin via a2 / Gi

3. inc. contractility via B1 / Gs

Front 60

1st-line med for tx of essential HTN =

Back 60

HCTZ

Front 61

LPL releases:

Back 61

TG's from carriers,

into tissue

Front 62

what is heparin's connection to TG's?

Back 62

it releases LPL's from the endothelium,

resulting in clearance of TG's from the blood

Front 63

one SE of NO =

Back 63

conversion to cyanide

=> cyanide toxicity

Front 64

what's the antidote for cyanide toxicity?

Back 64

Thiosulfate (Sulfur)

Front 65

Diazoxide =

Back 65

arterial vasodilator

- very similar to Hydralazine, except not safe in preg. HTN emergency

Front 66

Esmolol is short-acting with an immediate onset; upon discontinuation, its effects are:

Back 66

gone within 20 mins

Front 67

Fenoldopam =

Back 67

selective D1-agonist

=> arteriolar dilation, nateurisis

=> dec. BP

- best for HTN with renal insufficiency, b/c it increases renal perfusion

Front 68

mechanism of ARB's:

Back 68

block AT-1 r's, thereby inhibiting ATII

(ATII binds AT-1 r's for effect

Front 69

name of ARB's:

Back 69

"-sartans"

Front 70

Cilostazol =

Back 70

PDE inhibitor

Front 71

2 effects of Cilostazol:

Back 71

1. directly dilates arterioles

2. inhibits plat. agg.

(aspirin has only minor vasodilation)

Front 72

non-lipid effects of Niacin:

(3)

Back 72

1. vasodilation (flushing)

2. inc. insulin resistance
(hyperglycemia)

3. hyperuricemia

Front 73

concern when initiating ACEI therapy:

Back 73

first-dose hypotension

- r.f.'s include hypoNa+, hypovolemia (as per Thiazides), and low BP

- initiate at low doses

Front 74

1 serious pot. SE of ACEI's =

Back 74

angioedema, esp of the eyes/tongue/larynx

- due to bradykinin breakdown

Front 75

4 effects of EPI:

Back 75

1. inc. HR via B1

2. INC. SBP via B1 and a1

3. dec. DBP at low doses via B2

4. inc. DBP at high doses via a1

Front 76

pre-tx with Propranolol eliminates the ____ effects of EPI, leaving only

Back 76

eliminates B1 effects (inc. HR, inc. SBP)

leaving only a1 effects

Front 77

secretion of PDGF from plat/endo/mP's =>

Back 77

migration and prolif. of sub-endo SM cells

=> plaque

Front 78

anaphylactic shock ~~

(4)

Back 78

1.vasodilation => hypotension

2. bronchoconstriction

3. tachycardia

4. s/ts, rash

Front 79

Dobutamine ~~

Back 79

B1-agonist

Front 80

tx of choice for anaphylaxis =

Back 80

EPI

Front 81

a1-agonists like Phenylephrine caused vasoconstriction, => inc. SBP and DBP; inc. Pressure results in:

Back 81

reflexive vagal tone via baro r's (carotid sinus, aortic arch)

=> dec. HR, conduction

Front 82

Streptokinase can save someone with MI if given within 6 hrs, but serious SE =

Back 82

hemorrhage

=> hemorrhagic stroke, bleed out, etc.

Front 83

Amiloride =

Back 83

K+-sparing diuretic

- blocks Na+ channels at the CD, like Triamterene

Front 84

tx of choice for DKA =

Back 84

insulin and nl saline

- insulin allows body to start using glucose and stop making ketones for energy
=> dec. ketones = inc. serum bicarb

Front 85

what does Insulin do with K+?

Back 85

causes it to go INSIDE

Front 86

best med to increase HDL =

Back 86

Niacin

(B3)

Front 87

Fibrates are 1st-line tx for:

Back 87

hyperTG

Front 88

best 2 meds for high LDL?

Back 88

1. Statins

2. Ezetimibe

Front 89

bile acid resins actually increase:

Back 89

TG's

- but dec. LDL
(hepatic cholesterol has to be used to re-synthesize bile acids, which increases uptake of LDL FROM circulation)

Front 90

NOR extravasation =

Back 90

infused NOR leaking out and causing vasoconstriction of surrounding skin

=> cold skin

Front 91

Calcium gluconate =

Back 91

Ca2+, for severe hypocalcemia

Front 92

Phentolamine =

Back 92

non-specific alpha blocker

- opposes vasoconstriction

Front 93

Phenoxybenzamine =

Back 93

irreversible a1 and a2 antagonist

- used to prevent vasoconstriction/HTN

- can't be overcome with NOR

Front 94

Phentolamine =

Back 94

competitive, nonspecific alpha-antagonist

Front 95

prevention of PE/DVT's =

Back 95

heparin,

or warfarin

Front 96

only Statin NOT metabolized by CYP450 =

Back 96

Pravastatin

Front 97

inhibiting Statin metabolism = more Statin around =

Back 97

inc. risk of myopathy and rhabdo

- acute renal failure is a consequence of rhabdo

Front 98

low Vd = 3-5, ~~

(4)

Back 98

1. high mlclr weight

2. high charge

3. high plasma protein binding

4. hydrophilic (think plasma)

Front 99

tachyphylaxis =

Back 99

decreased effect of nasal decongestants after overuse
(due to negative fb => dec. NOR => vasoconstriction)

- stop the decongestant

Front 100

cholesterol is nec. to make:

Back 100

bile acids

- that's why bile acid sequestrants lower circulating chol. - liver has to take it in order to make more bile acid

Front 101

dec. chol (as per statins) =>

Back 101

inc. LDL r's on the liver, to take up circulating LDL and make more chol.

Front 102

m.c.c.o.d. of TCA OD =

Back 102

arrhythmias/hypotension due to cardiac Na+ chan block

Front 103

antidote for TCA OD =

Back 103

NS + HCO3-