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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Does the thyroid arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Endoderm
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Does the adrenal cortex arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Mesoderm
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Does the ANS arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm?
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Neural Crest (Ectoderm)
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Does the celiac ganglion arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Neural Crest (Ectoderm)
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Does the dorsal root ganglion arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Neural Crest (Ectoderm)
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Does the dura connective tissue arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Mesoderm
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Does the gut tube epithelium arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Endoderm
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Does the liver arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm?
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Endoderm
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Does the pancreas arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Endoderm
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Does the parathyroid arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Endoderm
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Does the pia arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Neural Crest (Ectoderm)
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Does the serous linings of body cavities arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Mesoderm
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Does the spleen arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Mesoderm
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Does the thymus arise from neural crest (ectoderm), mesoderm, or endoderm? ...
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Endoderm
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From what does the ligamentum teres hepatis arise? ...
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Umbilical vein
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How does a bicornate uterus form?
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Results from incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts
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How does a cleft lip form? ...
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Failure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
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How does a cleft palate form? ...
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Failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes, the nasal septum, and/or the median palatine process
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How does a horseshoe kidney form? ...
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Inferior poles of both kidneys fuse, as they ascend from the pelvis during development they get trapped under the inferior mesenteric artery, and remain low in the abdomen
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How is meckel's diverticulum different than an omphalomesenteric cyst? ...
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Omphalomesenteric cyst is a cystic dilatation of the vitelline duct
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How long does full development of spermatogenesis take? ...
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2 months
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How many arteries and veins does the umbilical cord contain? ...
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- 2 umbilical arteries (carries deoxygenated blood away from fetus) - 1 umbilical vein (oxygenated blood to fetus)
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Is a primary spermatocyte 2N or 4N? ...
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4N
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Is a primary spermatocyte haploid or diploid? ...
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Diploid 4N
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Is a secondary spermatocyte haploid or diploid? ...
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Haploid 2N
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Is a secondary spermatocyte N or 2N? ...
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2N
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Is a speratogonium haploid or diploid? ...
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Diploid 2N
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Is a spermatid haploid or diploid? ...
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Haploid N
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Meiosis I is arrested in which phase until ovulation? ...
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Prophase
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Meiosis II is arrested in which phase until fertilization? ...
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Metaphase (an egg MET a sperm)
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Most oxygenated blood reaching the heart via IVC is diverted through the ____ ____ and pumped out the aorta to the head.
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foramen ovale
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The right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein give rise to what adult heart structure? ...
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Superior vena cava
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The stapedius muscle of the ear is formed by which branchial arch? ..
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2nd
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This type of bone formation consists of ossification of cartilaginous molds and forms long bones at primary and secondary centers. ...
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Endochondral
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True or False; blood in the umbilical vein is 100% saturated with oxygen? ...
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False, it is 80% saturated
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True or False, there are two types of spermatogonia? ...
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True, type A & type B
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What are the 1st branchial arch derivatives innervated by?
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Trigeminal CN V2 and V3
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What are the 2nd branchial arch derivatives innervated by? ...
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Facial CN VII
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What are the 3rd branchial arch derivatives innervated by? ...
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Hypoglossal CN IX
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What are the 4th and 6th branchial arch derivatives innervated by? ...
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Vagus CN X
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What are the cartilage derivatives (5) of the 4th and 6th branchial arches? ...
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Thyroid - Cricoid - Arytenoids - Corniculate - Cuneiform
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What are the five 2's associated with meckel's diverticulum? ..
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- 2 inches long - 2 feet from the ileocecal valve - 2% of the population - Commonly presents in the first 2 years of life - May have 2 types of epithelia
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What are the rule of 2's for the 2nd week of development? ...
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- 2 germ layers: epiblast & hypoblast - 2 cavities: amniotic cavity & yolk sac - 2 components to the placenta: cytotrophoblast & syncytiotrophoblast
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What are the rule of 3's for the 3rd week of development? ...
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3 germ layers (gastrula): ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
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What can a persistent cervical sinus lead to? ...
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A branchial cyst in the neck
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What can be found in the cortex of the thymus? ...
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It is dense with immature T cells
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What can be found in the medulla of the thymus? ...
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It is pale with mature T cells, epithelial reticular cells, and Hassall's corpuscles
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What connects the thyroid diverticulum to the tongue? ...
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The thyroglossal duct
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What devlopmental contributions does the 5th branchial arch make? ...
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None
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What do the 2nd - 4th branchial clefts form, which are obliterated by proliferation of the 2nd arch mesenchyme? ...
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Temporary cervical sinuses
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What does aberrant development of the 3rd and 4th pouches cause? ...
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DiGeorge's syndrome
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What does the 1st aortic arch give rise to? ...
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Part of the maxillary artery
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What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch develop into? ...
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Epithelial lining of the palantine tonsils
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What does the 3rd aortic arch give rise to? ...
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Common carotid artery and proximal part of the internal carotid artery
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What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch develop into? ...
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Superior parathyroids
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What does the 5th aortic arch give rise to? ...
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Nothing
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What does the 5th pharyngeal pouch develop into? ...
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C cells of the thyroid
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What does the 6th aortic arch give rise to? ...
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The proximal part of the pulmonary arteries and (on left only) ductus arteriosus
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What does the ductus arteriosus give rise to? ...
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Ligamentum arteriosum
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What does the ductus venosus shunt blood away from? ...
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Liver
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What does the first branchial cleft develop into? ...
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The external auditory meatus
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What does the foramen ovale give rise to? ...
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Fossa ovalis
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What does the left 4th aortic arch give rise to? ...
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Aortic arch
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What does the ligamentum venosum come from? ...
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Ductus venosus
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What does the notochord give rise to? ...
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Nucleus Pulposus
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What does the primitive atria give rise to? ...
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Trabeculated left and right atrium
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What does the primitive ventricle give rise to? ...
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Trabeculated parts of the left and right ventricle
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What does the right 4th aortic arch give rise to? ...
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Proximal part of the right subclavian artery
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What does the right horn of the sinus venosus give rise to? ...
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Smooth part of the right atrium
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What does the spleen arise from? ...
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Dorsal mesentery, but is supplied by the artery of the foregut
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What does the thymus arise from? ...
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Epithelium of the 3rd branchial pouch
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What does the thyroid diverticulum arise from? ...
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The floor of the primitive pharynx
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What does the truncus arteriosus give rise to? ...
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The ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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What does the umbilical arteries give rise to? ...
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Medial umbilical ligaments
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What ear muscle does the 1st branchial arch form? ...
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Tensor tympani
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What effect does 13-cis-retinoic acid have on the fetus? ...
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Extremely high risk for birth defects
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What effect does ACE inhibitors have on the fetus? ...
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Renal Damage
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What effect does iodide have on the fetus? ...
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Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism
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What effect does warfarin and x-rays have on the fetus? ...
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Multiple Anomalies
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What effects does cocaine have on the fetus? ...
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Abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction
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What embryonic structure are the smooth parts of the left and right ventricle derived from? ...
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Bulbis Cordis
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What embryonic structure does the coronary sinus come from? ...
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Left horn of the sinus venosus
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What embryonic structure does the median umbilical ligament come from? ...
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Allantois (urachus)
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What fetal landmark has developed within week 2 of fertilization? ...
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Bilaminar Disk
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What fetal landmark has occurred within week 1 of fertilization? ...
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Implantation
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What fetal landmark has occurred within week 3 of fertilization? ...
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Gastrulation
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What fetal landmarks (2) have developed within week 3 of fertilization? ...
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Primitive streak and neural plate begin to form
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What five things arise from neuroectoderm? ...
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Neurohypophysis - CNS neurons - Oligodendrocytes - Astrocytes - Pineal gland
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What four structures make up the diaphragm? ...
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- Septum transversum - pleuroperitoneal folds - body wall - dorsal mesentery of esophagus
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What four things arise from surface ectoderm? ...
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- Adenohypophysis - Lens of eye - Epithelial linings - Epidermis
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What four things does Meckel's cartilage (from the 1st arch) develop into? ...
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Mandible - Malleus - Incus - Sphenomandibular ligament
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What four things does Reichert's cartilage (from the 2nd arch) develop into? ...
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Stapes - Styloid process - Lesser horn of hyoid - Stylohyoid ligament
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What four things does the dorsal pancreatic bud become? ...
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Body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct
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What four things does the mesonephric (wolffian) duct develop into? ..
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- Seminal vesicles - Epididymis - Ejaculatory duct - Ductus deferens
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What induces the ectoderm to form the neuroectoderm (neural plate)? ...
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Notochord
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What is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia? ...
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Abdominal contents herniate into the thorax due to incomplete development of the diaphragm
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What is a hypospadias? ...
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Abnormal opening of penile urethra on inferior side of penis due to failure of urethral folds to close
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What is a single umbilical artery associated with? ...
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Congenital and chromosomal anomalies
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What is a urachal cyst or sinus a remnant of? ...
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The Allantois
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What is an abnormal opening of penile urethra on superior side of penis due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle? ...
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Epispadias
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