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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conducting Zone
a) consists of? b) cartilage present in? c) function? d) also called? e) walls of conducting airways always contain? |
a) nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
b) trachea and bronchi c) in/out. + warms, humidifies, filters d) anatomic dead space e) smooth muscle |
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Respiratory zone
a) consists of? b) participate in? |
respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts alveoli b) gas exchange |
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Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells extend how far in respiratory anatomy?
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a) terminal bronchioles
(then, cuboidal ciliated) |
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what clears debris in alveoli?
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a) macrophages
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how far do goblet cells extend in respiratory anatomy?
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a) to bronchi
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what cell type covers 97% of alveoli?
b) describe shape |
a) type 1 pneumocytes
b) squamous, thin for optimal gas exchange |
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what percent of alveolar surfaces are lined by type II pneumocytes?
b) what do type II pneumocytes secrete? c) what is the more complicated name for surfactant? d) what is the function of surfactant? e) describe shape of type II pneumocytes f) also serves of precursor to what type of cells? g) proliferate during? |
a) 3%
b) surfactant c) dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine d) decreases alveolar surface tension e) cuboidal and clustered f) precursor to type I and other type II cells g) proliferate during lung damage |
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Clara Cells?
a) ciliated or non ciliated? b) shape? c) function? |
a) non ciliated
b) columnar with secretory granules c) secrete component of surfactant degrade toxins act as reserve cells |
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a lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio of >2.0 in amniotic fluid indicates?
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fetal lung maturity
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which cell type has lamellar bodies?
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type II epithelial cells
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How many lobes do the right and left lungs have? which lung has a lingula?
b) which lung is a more common site for inhaled foreign body and why? c) if a pt aspirated a peanut while upright, you would look for it where? d) if a pt managed to aspirate a peanut while laying down, where would you look for it? |
a) R = 3, L = 2 + lingula
b) right lung is because the right main stem bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left c) lower portion of right inferior lobe d) superior portion of right inferior lobe |
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the horizontal fissure is found where?
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right lung, curve of 4th rib
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oblique fissure is found where? (and at what thoracic level does it start)
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right and left lung, 5th Intercostal space , starting at T2 thoracic level
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where is the pulmonary artery in relation to the right lung hilus?
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anterior
(RALS) |
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where is the pulmonary artery in relation to the left lung hilus?
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superior
(RALS) |
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what structures perforate diaphragm at T8?
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a) Inferior Vena Cava + R phrenic nerve br
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what structures perforate diaphragm at T10?
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a) esophagus + vagus (2 trunks)
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what structures perforate diaphragm at T12?
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a) aorta (red), thoracic duct (white), azygous vein (blue)
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diaphragm is innervated by which nerves?
b) pain from the diaphragm can be referred to? |
phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
b) referred to shoulder |
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what muscle is important for inspiration during quiet breathing?
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diaphragm
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what 3 muscles are needed for inspiration during exercise?
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external intercostals
scalene muscles sternomastoids |
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what 5 muscles are needed for expiration during exercise?
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rectus abdominis
internal oblique external oblique transversus abdominus internal intercostals |
