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25 Cards in this Set
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The primary source of information on criminal victimization in the United States and attempts to measure the extent of crime by interviewing crime victims |
National crime victimization survey |
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Crime reporting system in which each separate offense in crime is described including data describing the offenders, victims, and property |
National incident based reporting system |
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Annual publication by the FBI that uses data from all participating law enforcement agencies in the United states to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime |
Uniform crime reports |
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The appearance In a person of physical features thought to be from earlier stages of human evolution |
Atavism |
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The use of body types and physical characteristics to classify human personalities |
Somatotyping |
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Criminological theories that rely I'm part on individuals demographics and geographic location to explain criminal behavior |
Chicago school |
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The theory that the structural and cultural conditions of the neighborhood affect criminal behavior |
Social disorganization theory |
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The theory that causes of crime can be connected to the pressure on culturally or materially disadvantages groups or individuals to achieve the goals held by society even if the means to those goals require the breaking of laws |
Strain theory |
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An individual's mental calculation of the personal value of am activity by how much pleasure or pain it will incur |
Hedonistic calculus |
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"Great charter" a guarantee of liberties signed by King john of England in 1215 that influenced many modern legal and constitutional principles |
Magna carta |
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Laws that are based on customs and general principles and that may be used as precedent or for matters not addressed by stature |
Common law |
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The first 10 amendments to the U.S constitution which guarantee fundamental rights and privileges to citizens |
Bill of rights |
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Double Jeopardy |
Prosecution in the same jurisdiction of a defendant for an offense of which the defendant has already been prosecuted and convicted or acquitted |
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A writ issued to bring a parry before the court |
Habeas corpus |
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Stare decisis |
The doctrine under which courts adhere to legal precedent |
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Law that tells us which behaviors have been defined as criminal offense |
Substantive law |
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Law that specifies how the criminal justice system is allowed to deal with those who break the law |
Procedural law |
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Area of the law that deals with civil acts that cause harm and injury including,libel,slander,assault, trespass, and negligence |
Tort law |
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Gulity mind intent or knowledge to break the law |
Mens rea |
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Mode of policing that emphasizes the maintenence of order and informal intervention on the part of the police officer rather than strict enforcement of the law |
Watchmen style |
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Mode of policing that emphasizes enforcement of the letter of the law |
Legalistic style |
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Area under the control of an individual during an arrest in an automobile |
Grabbable area |
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Seizure |
The collecting by police officers of potential evidence in a criminal case |
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Terry vs ohio |
Police have the right to search suspects to ensure their own safety in they think that the suspects are armed |
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Tennessee vs garner |
Deadly force now may be used only If the suspects poses a threat to the lives of police officers or bystanders |
