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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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drug classes and MOA for glaucoma tx
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prostaglandin analogs- incr aqueous outflow
adrenergic antagoinsts- reduce aqueous humor production cholinergic (miotics)- incr aqueous outflow) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors- reduce aqueous humor production adrenergic agonists- incr aqueous outflow, reduce aqueous humor production |
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MOA of cholinergics for glaucoma
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facilitate aqueous humor outflow thru muscarinic receptor contraction of ciliary muscle
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SE of cholinergics for glaucoma
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pupil constriction (miosis)
decr visual acuity, especially at night systemic effects |
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what drug is the cholinergics for glaucoma
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Pilocarpine, acetylcholine (Miostat)
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MOA of adrenergic agonists for glaucoma
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incr uveoscleral/trabecular outflow in the trabecular meshwork
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SE of adrenergic agonists for glaucoma
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stinging, redness, irritation
pupil dilation systemic effects |
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what is the adrenergic agonists for glaucoma
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brimonidine (Alphagan)
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MOA of adrenergic antagonists for glaucoma
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decr production of aqueous humor in ciliary epithelium
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SE of adrenergic antagonists for glaucoma
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transient burning
sensitivity to light "Browache" systemic effects |
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what is the adrenergic antagonists for glaucoma
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levobunolol (betagan)
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MOA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma
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interrupt formation of carbonic acid that impairs buffering in ciliary epithelium and then reduces aqueous humor production
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SE of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma
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ocular allergic rxn
tearing/dryness photophbia bitter/unusal taste |
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what is the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for glaucoma
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dorzolamide (Trusopt)
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MOA of prostaglandins for glaucoma
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dramatic incr in uveoscleral outflow thru soft tissues of ciliary body and iris
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SE of prostaglandins for glaucoma
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conjunctival irritation
iris pigmentation darkening of eyelids |
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what is the prostaglandins for glaucoma
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latanoprost (Xalatan)
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what are the combo drugs for glaucome
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̶Dorzolamide plus timolol (Cosopt™)
Brimonidine plus timolol (Combigan™) Brinzolamide plus timolol (Azarga®) Latanoprost plus timolol (Xalacom®) Travoprost plus timolol (DuoTrav PQ®) |
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what are drugs that exacerbate elevated IOP
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antihistamine- cough/cold products, motion sickness meds
anticholinergics- oxybutynin, tolterodine, TCA cortciosteroids- chronic administration topiramate |
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duration of tx for bac conjunctivitis
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duration 5-7d
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tx for viral conjunctivitis
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cold compress
ocular lubricants and artificial tears trifluridine (Viroptic) |
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what abx can you use for conjuntivitis
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Fluoroquinolones- ocloxacin (Oculfox)
Aminoglycosides- tobramycin (tobex) broad spectrum- polymixin/trimethoprim (Polytrim) |
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drugs for allergic conjunctivitis
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antihistamine/decongestant
antihistamine NSAIDS mast cell stabilizers antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer steroids |
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MOA of corticosteroids for allergic conjunctivitis
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decr infiltration of WBC at site of inflm
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SE of corticosteroids for allergic conjunctivitis
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exacerbate glaucoma
thinning of cornea incr infx susceptibility |
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what is the corticosteroids for allergic conjunctivitis
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prednisolone (Pred Forte)
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MOA of NSAIDS for allergic conjunctivitis
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reduction of PG resulting form cyclooxygenase cascade
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SE of NSAIDS for allergic conjunctivitis
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transient stinging/burning
keratitis |
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what is the drug for NSAIDS for allergic conjunctivitis
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ketorolac tromethamine (Acular)
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MOA of antihistamines for allergic conjunctivitis
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histamine-1 receptor blocker
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SE of antihistamines for allergic conjunctivitis
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allergic rxns, burning or stinging, conjunctivitis, discharge
dry eyes, eye pain, eyelid disorder, itching, keratitis, lacrimation disorder mydriasis, photophobia rash |
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what is the antihistamines for allergic conjunctivitis
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ketotifen (Zaditor)
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MOA of decongestants for allergic conjunctivitis
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stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in arterioles of conjunctiva
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SE of decongestants for allergic conjunctivitis
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transient stinging
blurred vision incr IOP irritation redness |
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what is the decongestants for allergic conjunctivitis
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naphazoline (Clear Eyes)
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what are the 2 types of dry eye disease
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decr teat production- lacrimal gland dysfnc, sjogrens
incr evaporative loss- excessive loss = tear film instability = tear hyperosmolarity = inflam |
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MOA of lacrimal stimulant for dry eyes
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inhibition of production and release of interleukin II and inhibits interleukin II- induced activation of resting T-lymphocytes
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SE of lacrimal stimulant for dry eyes
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temporary burning sensations, eye redness, discharge, watery eyes, eye pain, foreign body sensation
itching, stinging, and blurred vision |
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what is the lacrimal stimulant for dry eyes
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cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion (Restasis)
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MOA of artificial tears for dry eyes
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contain demulcents like cellulose derivatives polyvinyl alcohol, dextran 70
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SE of artificial tears for dry eyes
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blurred vision
eyelid crusting mild stinging |
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what does AREDS vitamin therapy have in it
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vit A, C, E, zinc, copper
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what does AREDS 2 vitamin therapy have in it
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vit C, E, zinc, copper, omega 3 fatty acids, lutein, zeaxanthin
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MOA of VEGF inhibitors
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suppressin of neovascularization thru inhibition of VEGF
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SE of VEGF inhibitors
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retinal detachment, visual disturbances
hypersensitivity rxn incr IOP |
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what is the VEGF inhibitors
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ranibizumab (Lucentis)
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what is the first line agent for an infected ear
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high dose amoxicillin
amoxicillin-clavulanate (augmentin) |
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how to tx otitis externa
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clean it out
topical abx topical corticosteroids acidifying solutions VoShol HC ear drops |
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tx for labrynthitis
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corticosteroids
with antihistamines, phenothiazine, or antiemetics |
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how to tx earwax removal
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cerumenolytics- mineral oil, Colace
irrigation- warm water manual removal |
