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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metadiscrete Experiential Learning
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a learning model in which staff from partnering sport businesses serve as instructional leaders and facilitators alongside sport-management faculty. Learning is greater because roles of teacher & practitioner are not separate & distinct, but dual aspects of the same function
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Name components of sports management decision making
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strategic management, law, ethics, sales, finance, public relations, marketing, sociology
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Cultural Hegemony
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a concept that a culturally diverse society can be ruled or dominated by one of its social classes. cultural hegemony may also be seen as the dominance of one social, political, or economic group over another group
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Functionalism
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a sociological theory in which society is viewed as an organized system of interrelated parts held together by shared values and social processes that minimize differences and promote consensus among people
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Conflict Theory
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sociological theory emphasizing social and political inequalities and the resulting economic and power differentials; a conflict theory analysis focuses on the inherent and endemic conflicts that arise from economic diparities
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Organizational Culture
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Pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have worked well enough to be considered valid, and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems
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Institutional Logics
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a set of material practices and symbolic construction, which constitutes an institution's organizing principles. such institutional logics (a) determine what are considered acceptable and unaccetable operational means, (b) establish routines, (c) guide the evaluation and implementation of developed strategies, and (d) create precedent for further innovation
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Types of Subcultures
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enhancing, orthogonal, counterculture
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Enhancing Subculture
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think of themselves as "true believers" in the organization's values
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Overconformity
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the unquestioned acceptance of cultural norms. usually experienced by the Enhancing Subculture
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Orthogonal Subculture
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comprised of members whoa ccept the core values of the dominant culture, but have separate (but not conflicting) assumptions/values that are unique to their particular group
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Counterculture Subculture
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members possess core values in direct opposition to the dominant culture and represent a challenge to it
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Underconformity
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ignoring or rejecting organizational norms. usually done by those in the Counterculture subculture
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Division I subcultures
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(a) female non-revenue sport coaches, (b) male non-revenue sport coaches, and (c) revenue sport coaches
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Independent Teams
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Baseball teams that operate without a direct affiliation with any MLB franchise
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Football Bowl Subdivision
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A segment of the NCAA that is comprised of schools playing the highest level of football
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Eligibility to be D-I
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7 sports for men & women (or 6 for men & 8 for women) with at least 2 team sports for each gender
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Eligibility to be D-II
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5 sports for men & women (or 4 for men & 6 for women) with 2 team sports for each gender
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Eligibility to be D-III
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5 sports for men & women
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Alternative splicing is found in this process:
Possible Answers a. B cell differentiation and maturation in bone marrow b. B cell differentiation antigen induced in an immune response |
B cell differentiation and maturation in bone marrow
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Licensed Merchandise
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granting another entity the right to produce products that bear a trademarked logo
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Peter Ueberroth
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Executive Director of 1984 Summer Olympics in LA. These games were such a financial success that it changed the Olympic movement.
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Paralympics
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1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttman
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Facility Management Firms
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SMG World, Global Spectrum, AEG Live
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First athlete-agent agreement
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Arnold Parlmer and Mark McCormack
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Complex Connectivity
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an ever-densening network of global interconnections and interdependencies that characterize modern life. it refers to the development of various NETWORKS of organizations and the way they operate, resulting in a rapid FLOW of exchange
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Global Homogenization
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theory that we are becoming increasingly the same. 3 reasons why: (a) free market liberal economics, (b) global corporate structures & technologies, and (c) a consumer capitalist culture
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Name the Networks of Global Connectivity
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Political, Economic, Technological, and Cultural
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Global Heterogenization
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this theory asserts that we are actually becoming more differentiated, not less.
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Commodification
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essentially the process through which a cultural form is turned into a product to be sold on the market.
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Global Hybridity
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essentially a mixture of both homogenization and heterogenization. the thesis acknowledges that the relationship between local and global forces is much too complex to easily categorize. a better way to understand globalization is to view it as a global-local nexus, characterized by a complex and ever-changing dynamic between change and continuity.
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Glocal/Glocalization
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represents the interpenetration of the global and the local, resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic areas
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Principles of McDonaldization
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Calculability, Predictability, Control, and Efficiency
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Cultural (Symbolic) Production
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a related process to commodification that involves the inscribing of meaning to a particular product.
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cultural capital
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attaching symbolic meaning and brand identity via marketing and branding initiatives
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global commodity chains
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the production process in various locales is minutely divided, routinized, and highly regulated to maximize profit
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Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
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entities that can be identified with a particular country/nation but operate some production processes abroad, seeking to move into external markets
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Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
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entities dissociated from a specific home country/nation. they insert themselves and their products into the local cultures of the markets they seek to penetrate
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Ethics
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study of values. examines the nature of right & wrong, duty, obligation, freedom and virtue.
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Ethics is NOT
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religion, society & culture, the law
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4 part ethical reasoning model
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description, analysis, vision, & strategy
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Obstacles to Ethical Decision Making
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1. confusing ethics with religion/culture/law
2. difficulty in gathering facts 3. lack of moral courage 4. existence of "ethics pretenders" |
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reasons for lack of moral courage
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discomfort, futility, socialization, bystander effect, personal cost
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The pretenders
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Egoism, Divine-Command Theory, & Relativism
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Psychological egoism
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claims everyone in fact acts out of self-interest
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Ethical egoism
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claim that everyone should act out of self-interest
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morality
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concern with how people act and what they believe to be right/wrong. in practice it is often synonymous with ethics, but morality is also the portion of ethics concerned with interpersonal behavior
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relativism
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there are no universal truths, only various cultural codes (right/wrong is a measure of society's standard)
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Ethical frameworks for ethical reasoning
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utilitarianism, deontology, social contract, ethics of care
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Utilitarianism
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aka Consequentialism. focuses on consequences. the right decision is one that results in the best consequence.
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Deontology
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focuses on duties. the right decision is one that intends to fulfill duties
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Social Contract
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focuses on consent or agreement. the decision is just if everyone has consented to the procedure or there is mutual agreement
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Ethics of Care
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focuses on interdependence
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John Stuart Mills
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actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong, as they tend to produce the reverse (Utilitarianism)
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Immanuel Kant
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The Good Will, Duty, & Reason are important concepts to Deontology
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maxim
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principle of action
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imperative
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command usually stated in terms of "should" statements
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hypothetical imperative
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depends on a desire & contains conditions. if there is no desire, then there's no imperative
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duty
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an obligation one has to act or refrain from acting
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Categorical Imperative
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a command without limiting conditions. applies to everyone regardless of desires, emotions, etc.
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John Rawls
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2 principles constitute justice: equality liberty principle and the difference principle
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Equal Liberty Principle
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each person has an equal right to the most extensive liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others
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Difference Principle
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social & economic inequalities are permissible and to be arranged so they are both (a) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage and (b) any offices or positions are open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity
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virtue
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a trait that contributes to something's being good in some way
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justice
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often seen as synonymous with fairness, is the application of ethics to the structure of society. divided into two areas: retributive and distributive
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Distributive & Retributive Justice
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retributive justice is concerned with correcting societal imbalances; distributive justice is concerned with the fair allocation of societal benefits and burdens
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Ethics of rights
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emphasizes separation, detachment, and independence
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Carol Gilligan
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ethics of care vs. ethics of rights
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Negligence law
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a part of tort law dealing with unintentional conduct that falls below a standard establish by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm
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punitive damages
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try to deter such conduct from happening again (goes beyond compensatory - aka actual - damages)
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breach of duty
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if the defendant has failed to meet the required standard of care
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standard of care
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determined by asking "what would a reasonably prudent person have been expected to do in the same circumstances"
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reasonably prudent person
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hypothetical person that is the legal standard to which an actual defendant is held
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4 aspects of negligence
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duty, breach of duty, causation, damages
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causation
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whether this is a casual connection between the breach of duty and the resulting injury aka "proximate cause". if something would have happened anyway, then the breach of duty cannot be said to have caused the outcome (no causation)
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damages
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some actual loss or damage must have been sustained as a result (threat of future harm not sufficient)
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Defenses against negligence
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statute of limitations, act of god, contributory and comparative negligence
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statute of limitations
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cause of action may be dismissed if the complaint has not been filed in a timely manner
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act of god
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a person has no liability when an unforeseeable natural disaster resulted in injury (but can be liable if act was foreseeable like hurricane)
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contributory negligence
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if the plaintiff's conduct falls below the standard of care (but this is rather harsh since any negligence by the plaintiff bars recovery)
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comparative negligence
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compares any negligence by the plaintiff to the degree of negligence by the defendant
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primary assumption of risk
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a plaintiff understands and voluntarily agrees to accept an activity's inherent risks (these risks are obvious and necessary to the activity)
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Secondary assumption of risk
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plaintiff deliberately chose to encounter a known risk and in doing so acted unreasonably
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common liability issues
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lack of supervision, quality of supervision, quantity of supervision, improper instruction/training, adequacy of instruction, proper skill progression, dissemination of safety rules/warnings, mismatch, safe use of equipment, emergency medical care, transportation
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contract law
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a promise or set of promises enforced by courts, which establish a duty to perform between parties
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formation of a contract
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agreement
consideration capacity legality |
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compensatory damages
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if there's a breach of contract, damages may be collected, but only to a certain degree. mitigation of damages says a nonbreaching party must act reasonably to lessen the consequences of the breach
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specific performance
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there's a breach of contract, but monetary damages will not suffice. person must actually DO something
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liquidated damages
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establishes a reasonable approximation of damages in a contract should it be violated
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What must be present for a plaintiff to make a case that constitutional rights have been violated?
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the defendant must be a state actor
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requirements of a due process case
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1. defendant is a state actor
2. plaintiff is a "person" 3. defendant somehow infringed upon a life, liberty, or property interest |
