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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are experimental studies called that involve more than one IV?
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Factorial designs
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What advantage do factorial designs have?
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They yield possible interaction effects
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When one IV affects DV differently across the levels of a second IV this is called an
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interaction effect
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How are factorial designs symbolized?
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Using shorthand notation
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What is shorthand notation
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way to express factorial designs using numbers
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what 3 pieces of information does shorthand notation give us?
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the number of variables, the number of levels of each treatment or IV, the total number of treatment conditions or groups
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IF we have 2 IV with 3 levels each, how would this be written in shorthand notation
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3 x 3
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If we have a 3 x 3 how many levels of each variable do we have
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3 for each IV
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If we have a 3 x 3, how many variables do we have
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2 variables
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If we have a 3x3, how many different treatment combinations were used?
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9
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What are the Interaction effects of an experiment?
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they allow to test if 2 variables or more when used in combination, produce effects that could not be seen by examining each variable in isolation
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What are the Main effects?
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effects that one IV has in isolation of the other (holding it constant)
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Name a variable that cannot be assigned but is often treated as an IV
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subject variable
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Which variable is controlled or assigned by the researcher
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IV
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Which variable are researchers manipulating during an experiment
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IV
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Which type experiment generates the strongest cause and effect statements
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true experiment
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Name a variable that represents an alternative explanation
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confounding variable
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Which variable varies systematically
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confounding variable
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When each person in the sample has an equal chance of being assigned to one of the treatments this is what?
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random assignment
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These variables are not usually a problem because they vary randomly
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extraneous variables
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Variables such as intelligence, anxiety are called what?
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hypothetical constructs
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Which experiment has the least control
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pre-experimental
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With which type experiment can we use random assignment
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true experiment
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Which design uses intact groups?
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quasi
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part of this term means to minimize measurement error?
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MAXMINCON
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What type experiment is done before the actual experiment is conducted?
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pilot study
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Another name for within subjects design?
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repeated measures
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What type design involves only measuring each person once?
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between subjects
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how do you deal with order effects in within subjects design
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counterbalance
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What type design requires fewer people and is more powerful?
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within subjects
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What is the ability to detect an effect if one actually exists
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power
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Besides order effects, what is another disadvantage of within subjects design
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carryover effects
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Fatigue effects and practice effects are examples of what?
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order effects
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An attempt to control for order effects by varying the order in which subjects receive treatment is called?
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counterbalancing
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The group that performs an evaluation of your research before you start
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IRB
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What does IRB stand for?
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institutional review board
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You must get permission from participants before doing research in writing called
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informed consent
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When the study is complete you must do this to your participants
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debrief
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This means do no harm to your participants
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nonmaleficence
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This means do as much good to your participants as possible
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beneficence
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This means give credit where credit is due
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justice
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This means be true to your obligations
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fidelity
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The probability of making a type I error is equal to this
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alpha
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This means an analysis of variance
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ANOVA
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This is equal to a type 2 error
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beta
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Being able to convict a guilty man then you must have had the ability to detect an effect which is known as?
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power
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IF we reject the null but we should not have this is a?
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type I error
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IF we fail to reject the null but we should have rejected it, this is?
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type 2 error
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If you found a guilty man innocent, then you had lack of power or what type error?
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type 2
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Which test is used for only two groups
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t-test
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IF there are 3 or more groups, then this type test should be done
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ANOVA
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If you conclude that there is a relationship between things that don't exist, then it's a type? error
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I
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IF you failed to find something that does exist, this is what type error
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type 2
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Fatigue and practice are examples of what?
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order effects
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The primary concern of this group is to perform a risk-benefit analysis
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IRB
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IF a study has good control, what is controlled
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confounding variables
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How are order effects controlled
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counterbalancing
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Joe told his participants they would have to consume caffeine, but he gave them adrenaline instead. What primary ethical concern did he violate
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fidelity
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If participants always performed best the last time they were tested, what problem might there be?
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practice effects
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What is also known as your statistical significance level
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alpha
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What should be done before every experiment involving humans
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informed consent
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Unwanted explanations in a study are known as what
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confounding variables
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What type reliability involves giving two similar but different tests to each person
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alternate forms
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A test with only one question lacks what type validity
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content validity
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Clues in a study that reveal the true nature of the study are known as what
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demand characteristics
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If Joe failed to give credit to his partner in research, what primary ethical concern did he violate
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justice
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What type study is a combination of between and within
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mixed
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If a study accurately determines who will succeed in college while they are in high school, it has what type validity
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predictive
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What do you call a plausible but deceptive story told at the beginning of research used to disguise the true nature of the study
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cover story
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This has occurred if a participant's behavior changes simply becasue they know they are being studied
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Hawthorne effect, reactivity
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Everyone has an equal chance of being selected
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simple random sample
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If neither the participants nor the person collecting data know who got what in an experiment, the study would be called
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double blind
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A strong positive correlation between 2 versions of the same test provides evidence for this
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measure of equivalence
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Reactivity in an experiment may also be called this
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hawthorne effect
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This term means do no harm
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nonmaleficence
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What do you call clues in an experiment that let the participants know how they should respond
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demand characteristics
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This means stay true to your design
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fidelity
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If two or more variables combine to influence the DV in ways that neither would alone, this is present
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interaction effects
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The influence that a single variable has in a factorial design?
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main effect
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