Psyc 286 Test 2 - Part 2

Front 1

Displacement

Back 1

Person displaces hostility away from a dangerous object and onto a safer substitute

I.E. After your parking spot is taken, you release pent up anger by starting an argument with your roommate

Front 2

Defense Mechanism

Back 2

Unconscious process used by ego to reduce anxiety

Front 3

Repression

Back 3

Unconsciously forgetting

I.E. An executive's desire to run amok and attack his boss and colleagues at a board meeting is denied access to his awareness.

Front 4

Denial

Back 4

Failure to admit into consciousness

I.E. You are not prepared for tomorrow's final exam, but you tell yourself that it's not actually an important exam and that there's no good reason not to go to a movie tonight.

Front 5

Fixation

Back 5

Psychological growth stops at a pre-genital stage

Front 6

Reaction Formation

Back 6

Conscious behaviors are exaggerated opposite of unconscious desires

I.E. A man experiences homosexual feelings and responds by taking a strong anti homosexual stance.

Front 7

Regression

Back 7

Psychological return to an earlier stage of functioning

I.E. A boy who cannot cope with the anger he feels toward his rejecting mother regresses to infantile behavior, soiling his clothes and no longer taking care of his basic needs.

Front 8

Sublimation

Back 8

Channeling socially unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behavior

I.E. Athletes, artists, surgeons, and other highly dedicated and skilled people may be reaching their high levels of accomplishment by directing otherwise potentially harmful energies into their work.

Front 9

Projection

Back 9

Ascribing to another, one's own unacceptable impulses/urges

I.E. The executive who repressed his destructive desires may project his anger onto his boss and claim that it is actually the boss who is hostile.

Front 10

Rationalization

Back 10

Defense that involves justifying actions to reduce anxiety; plausible or reasonable explanations are invoked

I.E. A student explains away poor grades by citing the importance of the "total experience" of going to college and claiming that too much emphasis on grades would actually interfere with a well-rounded education.

Front 11

Intellectualization

Back 11

Repress emotions; and act on cognition

I.E. A woman who has been beaten and raped gives a detached, methodical description of the effects that such attacks may have on victims.

Front 12

Undoing

Back 12

Engaging in one behavior to nullify or negate another

I.E. Those who wash their hands repeatedly,
for example, may be symbolically undoing their unacceptable id impulses

Front 13

Psychosexual Stages

Back 13

Sigmund Freud's stages include; Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Front 14

Oral

Back 14

0-18mo ID present at birth; ego develops

Front 15

Anal

Back 15

2-3yrs Ego is strengthened through efforts to control bowel activities

Front 16

Phallic

Back 16

3-5yrs Oedipus and Electra complexes; superego develops

Front 17

Latency

Back 17

6-11yrs Sexual interest repressed; social behaviors manifest

Front 18

Genital

Back 18

Adolescence maturity with ability for reciprocal relationships

Front 19

Behavioral Perspective

Back 19

Theoretical idea that abnormal behavior results from learning or from environmental experiences

Front 20

Learning Process

Back 20

Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Modeling

Front 21

Classical Conditioning

Back 21

Learning process wherein reflexive behaviors are changed by associating stimuli

Learning occurs by pairing the CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS) with the UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS) until a CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR) is acquired

Front 22

Stimuli

Back 22

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) causes the unconditioned response

Conditioned Stimulus (CS) causes the conditioned response (CR)

Front 23

Stimuli Distinction

Back 23

Unconditioned (natural) stimuli and responses

Conditioned (trained) stimuli and responses

Front 24

Operant Conditioning

Back 24

Process in which voluntary behaviors are changed using reinforcement and punishment

Front 25

Reinforcement

Back 25

Consequences used to encourage certain voluntary behaviors

Front 26

Positive Reinforcement

Back 26

Desirables delivered to encourage

Front 27

Negative Reinforcement

Back 27

Withholding pain to encourage behaviors

Front 28

Punishment

Back 28

Painful or adverisve consequences used to discourage certain voluntary behaviors

Front 29

Positive Punishment

Back 29

Delivery of painful or uncomfortable consequences to discourage behavior

Front 30

Negative Punishment

Back 30

Withholding a positive or desirable consequence to discourage behavior

Front 31

Modeling

Back 31

Conditional process in which voluntary and involuntary behaviors are changed a s a result of a model's influence

Front 32

Modeling Process

Back 32

1. Subject observes model
2. Subject remembers behaviors observed
3. Subject imitates
4. Vicarious reinforcement encourages practice