Exercise 10 Respiratory Flora

Front 1

Monoclonal antibodies

Back 1

Identical antibodies secreted by a cell line originating from a single plasma cell.

Front 2

Test after a strep throat infection is suspected.

Back 2

Take a throat swab.
1. A rapid agglutination test: the patient's throat swab is introduced into a system of latex beads coated with monocolonal antibodies secreted by Streptococcus pyrogenes.
3. Positive: clum forms (antigens and antibodies), penicillin and cephalosporin.
4. Negative: no clumps.
5. The sample will be plated on SBA with bacitracin antibiotic disc.
6. The Streptococcus pyreges is extremely sensitive to bacitracin.
7. If there is a beta hemolysis and bacitracin sensitivity, these indicate a positive result for strep throat, Group A beta hemolytic Streptococcus pyrogenes.

Front 3

Strep infections

Back 3

rheumatic fever;
acute glomerulonephritis,
scarlet fever (erythrogenic toxin)

Front 4

Cause of strep infection

Back 4

Bacteria;
Viruses;
very important to do clinical testing and obtain a diagnosis before prescribing antibiotics.

Front 5

Beta hemolytic

Back 5

Complete lysis of erythrocytes in Sheep Blood agar plates.
A clear halo can be visualized around a colony that contains the enzyme responsible for Beta hemolysis.

Front 6

Alpha hemolytic

Back 6

Incomplete lysis of erythrocytes in Sheep Blood agar plates.
A halo with a green tint around a colony that contains the enyzyme responsible for alpha hemolysis.

Front 7

Gamma hemolysis

Back 7

No lysis of the erythrocytes in Sheep Blood Agar plates.
There is no halo around these colonies because they are incapable of performing any type of hemolysis.

Front 8

Anaerobic condition

Back 8

Throat culture are incubated in anaerobic conditions to ensure hemolysin reaction is not missed, since a small percentage of hemolysins are oxygen labile.

Front 9

Respiratory pathogens

Back 9

Streptococcus pneumonia
Neisseria meningitides
Haemophilus influenzae
Klebsiella pneumonia

Front 10

Common respiratory flora

Back 10

Alpha hemolytic streptococcus
Moraxella catarrhalis
Corynebacterium and Diptheroids
Staphylococcus
Yeast

Front 11

Alpha hemolytic streptococcus

Back 11

Viridian Streptococci
Gram+cocci
aerotolerant anaerobe
catalase negative
oxidase positive

Front 12

Moraxella catarrhalis

Back 12

gram-cocci,
strict aerobe
catalase positive
resembles Neisseria(meningititis, gonorrhoeae)
Moraxella catarrhalis was formerly named Branhamella catarrhalis and Neisseria catarrhalis

Front 13

Corynebacteria and Diptheroids

Back 13

irregular rod
strict aerobe
catalse +
oxidase-
resemble Corynebacterium diptheriae

Front 14

Straphylococcus

Back 14

+cocci
grape cluster
facultative anaerobe
catalase+
oxidase-

Front 15

Oxidase test

Back 15

A biochemical reaction that test for the presence of cytochrome C, which is part of the electron transport chain of some organism.
Oxidase reagent
if cells change color within 20 seconds, they are considered oxidase positive.

Front 16

catalase test

Back 16

A biochemical reaction performed on organisms that can grow in the presence of oxygen.
Catalase is an enzyme capable of breaking hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
The oxygen is seen as bubble formation.
This test is a quick test because it can be formed in a matter of minutes.

Front 17

Agglutination test

Back 17

patient's throat swab is introdcued into a system of latex bead coated with monoclonal antibodies from Streptococcus pyrogenes.
In a positive reation, clumps form because Streptococcus pyogenes antigens interact with the monoclonal antibodies of the the Group A cell wall carbohydrate.

Front 18

Sheep Blood Agar Test

Back 18

If the reaction is negative, the sample will be plated onto a blood agar plate with a bacitricin antibiotic dis. The streptococcus pyrogenes are very sensitive to bacitracin.
If the culture comes back with beta hemolysis and bacitracin sensitivity, these results indicate a positive result for strep sthroat, Group A Betahemolytic Streptococcus pyrogenes.