Cardio-Respiratory Exercise Physiology

Front 1

Pleural cavity

Back 1

Membrane that wraps around lungs.

There is one layer around the lungs and another one inside the chest cavity

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Totipotent

Back 2

One cell that can grow a whole organism

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Pluripotent

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Stem cell that can give rise to many kinds of cell lineages

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Multipotent

Back 4

Stem cell that can give rise to many kinds of cell lineages but not as much as pluripotent cells.

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Platelets and function

Back 5

clotting process also called thrombocytes

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Erythrocytes

Back 6

red blood cells which is a transporter device. It carries oxygen and carbon dioxide. These are the only cells without a nucleus

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Luecocytes

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Also known as white blood cells which are part of the immune system

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neutrophils

Back 8

Type of white blood cell that targets bacteria and fungi. Its lifetime is 6 hours to a few days

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Eosinophils

Back 9

Releases toxins to kill parasites and they are in allergic reactions. They can also cause tissue damage. Their lifetime is 8 to 12 days

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Basophils

Back 10

Type of white blood cell part of your immune system. the first to release histamines with allergic reactions

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Monocytes

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Differentiates into macrophages and dendrite cells in response to inflammation

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Lymphocytes

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B & T cells that Work against foreign substances such as bacteria viruses and cancer cells. It also targets natural killer cells such as virus-infected in tumor cells. The lifetime of these are from week to years

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Role of Hemoglobin

Back 13

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which contain 4 Hemi groups that have an iron atom for each one that attracts oxygen. So when you exercise your heart rate beats faster, blood is transported quickly which will contain oxygen for the muscles

Front 14

Erythropoietin

Back 14

kidney releases EPO when a person can't breathe. EPO goes into red blood marrow to trigger haematopoiesis(make red blood cells)

Front 15

What's plasma made of

Back 15

Waste water and nutrients, vitamins, hormones

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Formed elements in blood

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Platelets red blood cells and white blood cells

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cell differentiation

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Where one cell can change to another type of cell

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the capillary

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Fine branching blood cells that form a network between the arterioles

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Parasympathetic system and reactions

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reduces heart rate, stimulates activity of digestive organs and constricts urinary bladder

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Sympathetic system in the facts

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This is the fight or flight system. Dilated pupils, Rising heart rate, inhibits the digestive organs, relaxes urinary bladder

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What does an increase in aerobic exercise do

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Increase VO2 max in stroke volume(increase size in left ventricle) and decreases heart rate

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What does increase in anaerobic exercise do

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Just increases muscles and stuff that has no effect on vo2max or stroke volume

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Cardiac output equation

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cardiac output=stroke volume× heart rate

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residual volume*

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amt of air remaining after a forced exhalation

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Expiratory reserve volume*

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amt of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

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total lung capacity*

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max amt of air contained in lungs after a max inspiratory effort

TV+IRV+ERV+RV

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Inspiratory reserve volume*

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amt of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

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vital capacity*

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max amount of air that can be exhaled after a max inspiratory effort

IRV+ERV+TV

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tidal volume

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amt of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions

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Homeostasis examples

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- after 10 minutes of exercise your body heats up and results in a faster heart rate and when your body sweats it is to cool you down. This comes from the plasma if your blood which will decrease blood pressure and make you dehydrated because your body when we need more water to keep up physically

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Dub

Back 31

Relaxation of the heart which is when the atrium filled with blood. The essay fires the AV node which opens up the mitril and tricuspid valve

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Systolic blood pressure

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Force exerted by blood on arterial walls during ventricular contraction

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Pulmonary ventilation

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Breathing

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Diastolic blood pressure

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Pressure of blood at the brachial artery as the left ventricle relaxes

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Approx percentage of oxygen in blood transported by hemoglobin

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98%

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Sa node

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Natural pace maker.

Cluster of cells in top corner of right atrium that generate electrical impulses

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Av node

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Electrically connects atria ventricles

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Purkinje fibers

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transmits signals it gets from the bundle of His to the ventricles

(outside layer of ventricles)

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VO2 max

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Max amount of oxygen a person can utilize during exercise

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How is VO2 max used as a measure of fitness

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Shows how efficient your body is at distributing oxygen during exercise

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Physiological meaning behind VO2 max

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Amt of oxygen the lungs can hold at full capacity

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Cardiac drift

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Increase in heart rate even when pace remains the same

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components of blood and percentages

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55% plasma

idk look up in packet

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bundle of His

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connects the av node to the perkinji fibers

(middle of the heart)