Executive Branch And Judicial Branch

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Executive Branch Terms

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Electoral College

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a process, not a place. The founding fathers established it in the Constitution as a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens.

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Electors

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The second part of the process happens on Election Day. When the voters in each state cast votes for the Presidential candidate of their choice they are voting to select their state's Electors.

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Executive Order

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a rule or order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law.

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Pardon

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a government decision to allow a person who has been convicted of a crime to be free and absolved of that conviction, as if never convicted.

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Reprieve

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cancel or postpone the punishment of (someone, especially someone condemned to death).

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Amnesty

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an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses

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Foreign Policy

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a government's strategy in dealing with other nations.

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National Security

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a concept that a government, along with its parliaments, should protect the state and its citizens against all kind of "national" crises through a variety of power projections, such as political power, diplomacy, economic power, military might, and so on.

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Treaties

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a formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.

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Executive Agreement

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an international agreement, usually regarding routine administrative matters not warranting a formal treaty, made by the executive branch of the US government without ratification by the Senate.

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Ambassador

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an accredited diplomat sent by a country as its official representative to a foreign country.

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Cabinet

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(in the US) a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government.

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Spoils System

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the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

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Merit System

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The merit system is the process of promoting and hiring government employees based on their ability to perform a job, rather than on their political connections. It is the opposite of the spoils system.

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22nd Amendment

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No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President, when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

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25th Amendment

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In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

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Presidential Succession

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Presidential Succession Act 1792. The Presidential Succession Act of 1792 was the first succession law passed by Congress. ... The compromise they worked out established the President pro tempore of the Senate as next in line after the Vice President, followed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

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Secretary

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a person employed by an individual or in an office to assist with correspondence, keep records, make appointments, and carry out similar tasks.

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Attorney General

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The current Attorney General, Loretta Lynch was nominated by President Obama after serving as the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York. She was confirmed by the Senate on April 23, 2015 and sworn in by Vice President Biden on April 27, 2015.

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Vice President

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Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr., represented Delaware for 36 years in the U.S. Senate before becoming the 47th and current Vice President of the United States. ... Then, at age 29, he became one of the youngest people ever elected to the United States Senate.

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Judical Branch

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Jurisdiction

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the official power to make legal decisions and judgments

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District Court

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a state of federal trial court.

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Appeals Court

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a court that hears appeals from a lower court.

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Supreme Court

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the highest judicial court in a country or state.

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Judicial Review

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review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.

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Oral Arguments

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Oral arguments are spoken to a judge or appellate court by a lawyer (or parties when representing themselves) of the legal reasons why they should prevail. Oral argument at the appellate level accompanies written briefs, which also advance theargument of each party in the legal dispute.

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Overturn

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an act of turning over or upsetting something; a revolution, subversion, or reversal.

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Plaintiff

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a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.

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Defendant

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an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.