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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the excretory products?
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salts, ions
water fecal matter nitrogenous wastes |
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What are osmoconformers? Examples?
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Organisms whose extracellular fluid (salt and water balance) is equilibrated with the environment.
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Examples: many marine organisms; sea monkeys, sharks and rays
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What are osmoregulators? Examples?
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Organisms whose extracellular fluid is held a concentration different from the environment.
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Examples: fresh water fish
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What are the three nitrogenous wastes?
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Ammonia, urea, uric acid.
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What is ammonia? Corresponds with what organisms?
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Polar, very soluble in water and very toxic. Needs to be diluted and disposed of quickly or converted into a less toxic form.
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Organisms: ray-finned fish, aquatic inverts, larval amphibians
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What is urea? Corresponds with what organisms?
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Soluble in water, not too toxic, less water needed for disposal than ammonia.
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Organisms: cartilaginous fish; adult amphibians; mammals
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What is uric acid? Corresponds with what organisms?
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Insoluble in water, not toxic, little water needed.
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Organisms: insects, birds, reptiles
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Excretory structures of invertebrates...Flatworms?
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Protonepheridia...what is this? Describe the process.
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Flame cells + tubule.
Beating of the cilia causes fluid to enter tubule. Once fluid is inside, it is modified and then excreted vi the excretory pore. |
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Excretory structures of invertebrates...Segmented worms?
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(meta)nephridia...Describe the process.
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Fluid enters ciliated opening into the tubule, solutes actively resorbed by capillaries. Dilute urine excreted via nephridiopore.
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Excretory structures of invertebrates...Insects?
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Malpighian tubules. What are the steps in the process?
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1. Uric acid, Na, K actively transported into tubules and water follows.
2. Transport hindgut and rectum 3. Na, K actively transported out and water follows 4. uric acid excreted |
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What is the vertebrate excretory organ and its function?
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Kidney...function is to regulate levels of water and dissolved solutes in blood and to form urine.
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What are the Glomerulus and Bowman's Capsule?
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Glomerulus is made up of capillaries; it filters blood beginning with the unselective transmission of ions, water, and small molecules to the Bowman's capsule
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Three main steps to excretion process in vertebrates.
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1. filtration
2. reabsorption and secretion (enters the renal tubule) 3. excretion |
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What is the function of the Loop of Henle?
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It mediates the strong concentration gradient within the medulla.
The thin descending limb is only permeable to water diffusion. The thick ascending limb is only permeable to solutes. |
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Renal Failure...what causes it? Treatments?
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Results in the retention of salt and water (high BP), urea (uremic poisoning), metabolic acids (acidosis).
Treatment is Dialysis: filtering of blood |
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What is ADH? What is its role in the excretory system?
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Antidiaretic hormone, produced in the hypothalamus, released by the pituitary.
It increased the permeability of water; its released if the salt concentration is too high. |
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