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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Distribution and function of cartilage |
Found in trachea and bronchi Ring of cartilage which prevent collapse during inspiration. In trachea cartilage is c-shaped to allow flexibility and space for food to pass down the oesophagus |
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Distribution and function of elastic fibres |
Found in alveoli Stretch during inspiration but then recoil to help push air out during expiration |
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Function And distribution of smooth muscle and elastic fibres |
Found in bronchioles, alongside elastic fibres Constrict airway, for example during an allergic reaction Once contracted, the elastic fibres elongate the muscle When the muscle contracts again the elastic fibre becomes deformed As the muscles relaxes, elastic fibres go back to original shape and the airways are dilated |
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Describe everything that happens during inspiration |
Diaphragm contracts to move down and become flatter (displaces digestive organs downwards) External intercostal muscles contract to raise ribs Volume of chest chavity increases Pressure in chest cavity drops below atmospheric pressure Air moved into lungs (Expiration is the opposite of f all these steps) |
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What is the vital capacity and what factors does it depend on |
Maximum volume of air that can be moved by lungs in one breath Size of person Age and gender Level of regular exercise |
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What is the vital capacity and what factors does it depend on |
Maximum volume of air that can be moved by lungs in one breath Size of person Age and gender Level of regular exercise |
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What is the residual volume |
Volume of air that remains in the lungs even after forced expiration This air remains in the airways and alveoli |
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What is the tidal colume |
Volume of air moved in and out with each breath Normally measured at rest |
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What is the unit for oxygen uptake |
dm3/s |
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What is the unit for oxygen uptake |
dm3/s |
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Precautions when using a spirometer |
Subject should be free from asthma Soda lime should be fresh and functioning No air leaks Mouthpiece should be sterilised |
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What does a datalogger record |
Movements of the lid when air leaves and returns to the chamber |
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Describe ventilation system in bony fish |
Keep water flowing over gills using a buccal-opercular pump Buccal cavity (mouth) opens, drawing in water, mouth closes pushing water through gills As this happens the operculum moves outwards- this reduces pressure in opercular cavity, helping water to flow through the gills |
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What is countercurrent flow |
Blood flows along gill arch and out along the filaments to the secondary lamellae. This blood then flows through capillaries in opposite direction to the flow of water over the lamellae. This flow absorbs the maximum amount of oxygen from the water |
