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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A slightly moveable joint is a(n)
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amphiarthrosis |
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A synovial joint is an example of a(n)
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diarthrosis |
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A suture is an example of a(n)
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synarthrosis
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An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the |
ribs with the sternum
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True or False properties of articular cartilage: |
enclosed by an articular capsule True composed of hyaline cartilage True Covered by periosteum False Smooth, low-friction surface True lubricated by synovial fluid True |
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Not considered an accessory synovial joint structure |
synovial membrane TRUE: bursa, menisci, fat pads, tendon sheath |
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Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons would otherwise rub against each other are called |
bursae
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A movement away from midline of body is called
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abduction
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Movement that is an example of flexion
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moving the hand towards shoulder
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Movement known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the
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foot
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An extension past the anatomical position is known as
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hyperextension
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Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes? |
Plantar flexion
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The joint that permits the greatest range of any joint is the __________ joint.
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Shoulder
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The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the tibia and maintain the alignment of the femur with the tibia are the _______ ligaments. |
cruciate
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The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the _________ ligament. |
tibial collateral
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Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consists of cells that are highly specialized for |
contraction
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The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds a whole skeletal muscle is the
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epimysium
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The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n) |
tendon
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A fascicle is a
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group of muscle fibers that are enclosed by the perimysium |
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Skeletal muscle fibers are formed during embryonic development from cells called |
myoblasts
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The repeating functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the |
Sarcomere
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Best describes the term Z line
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Border of a sarcomere
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NOT a protein that is part of the thin filaments
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myosin ARE: Troponin, actin, tropomyostin |
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At rest, binding sites on actin are blocked by
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tropomyosin molecules
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The membranous sac that surrounds each myofibril is the |
sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a |
neuromuscular junction
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Myosin binding sites on actin become available after
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calcium binds to troponin
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A wave of depolarization is conducted into the inside of a skeletal muscle fiber by
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Transverse (T) tubules. |
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Since each myofibril is attached to each end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres shorten, the muscle fiber _______.
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Shortens
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In response to the action potential arriving, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases __________.
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Calcium ions
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Receptors for acetylcholine are located in the _______. |
sarcolemma
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How would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the synaptic cleft affect skeletal muscle?
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It would cause muscles to stay contracted.
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A weight-lifter tries to, but cannot, lift a heavy weight and there is no overall movement of the weight lifter's arms holding the weight. This type of contraction is called a(n) __________ contraction. |
isometric
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The _______ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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The _______ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.
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Somatic motor
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Special sensory neurons that have one axon and one dendrite, with the cell body in between, are called ______.
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unipolar
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Not a function of neuroglia
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conduction are functions: support, create myelin sheath, secrete CSF, establish blood-brain barrier |
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The neuroglial cells that maintain the blood-brain barrier are the ______. |
astrocytes
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The myelin sheath that covers many PNS axons is formed by ______. |
schwann cells
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The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump
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moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction they would ordinarily move by diffusion. |
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Opening of sodium channels in a neuron causes
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depolarization
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_______ channels open or close in response to binding neurotransmitters.
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Chemically gated
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If a sodium channel in a neuron were to open,
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the inward movement of sodium will increase
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If a potassium channel in a neuron were to open,
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the membrane potential will repolarize
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A stimulus that changes a neuron's membrane potential from resting to -85 mV would be a(n)
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inhibitory/hyperpolarizing
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Main steps in the generation of an action potential |
1. A graded depolarization brings an area of the membrane to threshold 2. Sodium channels open 3. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs. 4. Sodium channels close 5. Potassium channels open 6. Potassium ions leave cell and repolarization occurs. 7. Temp. hyperpolarization occurs |
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Actin Potential
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Rapid depolarization is caused by the entry of sodium ions
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A threshold stimulus is the
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depolarization necessary to cause an action potential. |
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Rapid impulse conduction from "node" to "node" is called |
saltatory propogation
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The ion that triggers the release of a neurotransmitter (like acetylcholine) into the synaptic cleft is |
calcium
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