Exam Social Studies Review

Front 1

Africa

Back 1

Has many countries and is the second largest continent in the world

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human geography

Back 2

the way things and people are spread out in an area is called

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equator

Back 3

the imaginary line around the centre of the earth half way between the North and South poles( called 0 degrees latitude).

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poles

Back 4

the North and South ends of an axis around which the earth rotates

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Compass Rose

Back 5

a tool to find direction used on maps (shows North, South, East and West).

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axis

Back 6

an imaginary line that goes through the centre of the earth between the North and South poles.

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Geography

Back 7

the study of our world, its people, and places

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Geographer

Back 8

the person who describes and analyzes the human and physical characteristics of the world

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Place

Back 9

Geography theme that deals with an area that is defined by everything in it

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Nile

Back 10

the longest river in the world:

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Child labour

Back 11

work that is harmful to a child’s health, does not pay fairly, and interferes with a child obtaining a childhood, education or friendships

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Map

Back 12

a two dimensional representation of the earth

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parallels

Back 13

imaginary lines that run from East to West that are used the show distance from the equator.

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longitude/meridians

Back 14

imaginary lines that run from North to South that are used the show distance from the Prime Meridian.

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Prime Meridian

Back 15

the baseline used to measure east-west location on the surface of the earth in terms of lines of longitude

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Great Rift Valley

Back 16

a geographic trench found in Kenya

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time zone

Back 17

any of the 24 longitudinal divisions of the earth’s surface in which a standard time is kept. Is a world-wide system for telling time

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International Dateline

Back 18

an imaginary line of longitude that is opposite the Prime Meridian and located in Greenwich, England

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Eurasia

Back 19

Largest continent in the world

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Sahara Desert

Back 20

Largest desert in the world

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continent

Back 21

any of the six large land masses with geologically meaningful boundaries

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island

Back 22

land that is surrounded by water on all sides

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peninsula

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a piece of land jutting out into the ocean from the mainland surrounded by water on three sides.

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topography

Back 24

the surface features of the earth such as mountains, hills, plateaus and plains.

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mountain

Back 25

a high rugged landform.

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plain

Back 26

a broad flat or gently rolling area of land.

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plateau

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a broad flat or gently rolling area that is higher (elevated) above its surroundings.

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elevation

Back 28

the distance or height above sea level.

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river

Back 29

- a natural channel of water flowing toward a lake or ocean.

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lake

Back 30

- a body of water surrounded by land.

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gulf

Back 31

- formed when the ocean makes a large indent into land forming a semi-circle

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strait

Back 32

- a narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

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Pangaea

Back 33

- the name of a supercontinent that existed of 200 million years ago.

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Legend or key

Back 34

part of a map explains what the various symbols/lines mean

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Coastline

Back 35

land along the sea or ocean.

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cave

Back 36

a large hole in the side of a hill or mountain

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erosion

Back 37

- the action of wearing away of the Earth’s surface by air, water and ice

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Atlantic Ocean

Back 38

An ocean east of North America and one of 6 oceans on the earth

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5 themes of geography

Back 39

Location, place, region, movement and human/environment interaction

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glacier

Back 40

- a gigantic body of ice that is found in mountain and polar regions.

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absolute location

Back 41

-the exact location of something on the earth using coordinates of latitude and longitude

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Suez Canal

Back 42

Connects the red sea to the Mediterranean Sea

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Relative location

Back 43

The location of a place in relation to other places

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hemisphere

Back 44

A half-sphere view of the earth created by geographers to identify a large part of the earth e.g. northern, southern, eastern or western

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landforms

Back 45

A particular land surface feature, such as a mountain, hill, plateau, or plain

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slavery

Back 46

A system of forced labour, in which some people are treated as property to be bought and sold and not as persons with rights

Front 47

Pacific Ocean

Back 47

The ocean found on Canada’s west coast and one of the world’s six oceans

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weather

Back 48

The day to day state of the atmosphere, including temperature and precipitation

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latitude

Back 49

The distance of a place north or south of the equator measured in degrees

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longitude

Back 50

The distance of a place east or west of the Prime Meridian measured in degrees

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permafrost

Back 51

Permanently frozen ground, about 1 meter beneath the surface.

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Movement

Back 52

Geography theme dealing with the way people, products, information and ideas move from one place to another

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precipitation

Back 53

Water (in any form) falling to Earth.

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climate

Back 54

Pattern of weather in a particular place measured over at least 30 years.

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Low latitude

Back 55

Climate located from 0 to 30 degrees latitude North or South of the equator.

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region

Back 56

Geography theme dealing with an area that is defined by everything in it

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equatorial

Back 57

Climate located from 0 to 30 latitude North and South of the equator

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Arctic Ocean

Back 58

Ocean found north of Canada

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Tropic of Cancer

Back 59

Line of latitude 23.5 north of the equator

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sulphur dioxide

Back 60

gas produced by industry that when mixed with moisture in the atmosphere creates acid rain

Front 61

evaporation

Back 61

Water changes into a vapor or gas.

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Tropic of Capricorn

Back 62

Line of latitude 23.5 south of the equator

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tropics

Back 63

Area between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

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Carrying capacity

Back 64

The number of people the earth or part of the earth can support

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atmosphere

Back 65

The layer of air that surrounds the earth.

Front 66

hydrosphere

Back 66

All the water on the earth’s surface forms this.

Front 67

Biosphere

Back 67

The layer of living things around the surface of the earth.

Front 68

Location

Back 68

Geography theme which includes the latitude and longitude of a particular place

Front 69

Ecology

Back 69

The study of living organisms and their interaction with the environment.

Front 70

Ecosystem

Back 70

The environment of a community of plants and animals.

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Earth quake

Back 71

Shaking of the earth’s crust caused by tectonic or volcanic action.

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Eco-footprint

Back 72

measures the amount of resources you use/take up

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Volcano

Back 73

A mountainous vent in the earth’s crust

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Trees

Back 74

The best vehicle to clean the air of carbon dioxide

Front 75

Temperate forest

Back 75

A region with naturally forested areas with fertile soil and four seasons usually agricultural or urban plus high population density.

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Discrimination

Back 76

The act of treating an individual unfairly because the person belongs to a particular group. Is an action

Front 77

Carbon dioxide,methane & CFC’s

Back 77

the three most important gases causing global warming

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Tropical rainforest

Back 78

A region with many species of plants and animals, that is very warm, and receives a lot of rainfall plus low population density.

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Taiga or boreal

Back 79

A region in the northern hemisphere with long cold winters and short warm summers plus low precipitation.

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Tundra

Back 80

A region that has long cold winters, permafrost plus low population density.

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Polar

Back 81

A region with cold, dry, climate with glaciers considered unsuitable for human settlement.

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Savanna

Back 82

A region with dry and wet seasons with tropical grassland plus low population density.

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Monsoon

Back 83

A region that is naturally forested with a wet and dry season that has been changed by rice cultivation plus high population density.

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Desert

Back 84

A region with little precipitation that may be either hot or cold plus low population density.

Front 85

ecocentric

Back 85

A view of the world that focuses on the importance of the natural environment instead of human interests.

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biodiversity

Back 86

The number and variety of organisms in a region.

Front 87

anthropocentric

Back 87

A view of the world where humans are the most important species.

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sustainable

Back 88

Development that meets our current needs without risking future generations.

Front 89

conservation

Back 89

Management of a region to protect so it will be maintained, restored, enhanced and protected for future generations.

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Disposable personal income

Back 90

Personal income that remains after bills and taxes have been paid

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culture

Back 91

A way of life shared by a group of people. Culture gives us our identity and includes our language, religion, art, music dance, dress, homes attitudes toward work and recreation

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natural greenhouse effect

Back 92

The natural blanket-like effect of the atmosphere in retaining heat at the earth’s surface

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NGO

Back 93

Non government organization that help people tackle their political, social and economical problems

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global warming

Back 94

Human activities are adding greenhouse gases such carbon dioxide, methane & CFC’s thus causing the global temperature to rise.

Front 95

Fair trade

Back 95

benefits producers in poor countries by making sure the price they receive for their goods covers the cost of production and guarantees a living income

Front 96

carbon dioxide

Back 96

Greenhouse gas that is produced by human respiration and other technologies

Front 97

monoculture

Back 97

Dependence on food that is genetically similar.

Front 98

globalization

Back 98

People coming together to share similar experiences and to live lives that are more and more similar

Front 99

chlorofluorocarbons

Back 99

A manmade gas that is created by refrigeration and aerosol cans.

Front 100

ozone

Back 100

A kind of oxygen in the upper atmosphere that filters out harmful ultraviolet light from the sun.

Front 101

acid rain

Back 101

Industry produces sulfur dioxide which is spread in the atmosphere and when it mixes with moisture falls to the ground and causes this problem.

Front 102

Methane

Back 102

A natural greenhouse gas produced when plants are broken down by wetlands and animals

Front 103

Human Geography

Back 103

People and the places they live

Front 104

Natural Resource

Back 104

Anything in nature that people need or want

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Globalization

Back 105

Changes that happen in a place because of technology and movement

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demography

Back 106

Study of world populations

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developing country

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A country that is just beginning to industrialize

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developed country

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Countries with a good GDP and Standard of Living are called

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standard of living

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How well people live/physical level of comfort determined by the goods, services and luxuries available to a group

Front 110

Per Capita GDP

Back 110

Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to

Front 111

emigration

Back 111

Movement of people out of a country

Front 112

technology

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Tools and ways of doing things

Front 113

empire

Back 113

A large area controlled by one central authority

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Internal migration

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People moving from place to place within a country

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Crude Death Rate

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Number of deaths per 1000 people

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Rate of Natural Increase

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Number of crude births minus number of crude deaths

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demographer

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A person who studies population

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Democracy

Back 118

The way we organize how to relate to each other in order to ensure that everyone has a voice and that responsible decisions are made. The people have the power to make the laws.

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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Back 119

Total value of all the goods and services in a country

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Mother Theresa

Back 120

a humanitarian and champion of human rights

Front 121

immigration

Back 121

Movement of people into a country

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Cost of living

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The amount of money needed for basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter

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Literacy rate

Back 123

term given to the percentage of a country’s people aged 15 and over who are able to read and write.

Front 124

Crude birth rate

Back 124

Number of babies born per 1000 people

Front 125

life expectancy

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The average number of years a newborn can expect to live under current conditions in their country

Front 126

GDP per capita

Back 126

Gross Domestic Product divided by population is equal to

Front 127

Declaration of the Rights of the Child

Back 127

Ten rights to which all children are entitled

Front 128

colonialism

Back 128

One country having control of another usually in another part of the world

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Human rights

Back 129

The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled