Exam One Part Three: Health Care Ethics

Front 1

Double-Blind Study

Back 1

Neither the experimenter nor the patient knows who is getting the placebo or the real medication/treatment.

Front 2

Nuremburg Code

Back 2

A statement of the principles that should be followed in conducting medical research with human subjects.

Front 3

Right to Die

Back 3

The ultimate act of self-determination that allows a competent person the right to refuse treatments or procedures up to and including those that would prolong life or prevent death.

Front 4

Right to Life

Back 4

The most fundamental and basic right of all.

Front 5

Paternalism

Back 5

The deliberate overiding of a patients autonomy.

Front 6

Beneficience

Back 6

Implies that nurses take actions to benefit patients and to facilitate their well being.

Front 7

Utilitarianism

Back 7

Promote the greater good that is possible in situations.

Front 8

Morals

Back 8

Specific beliefs, behaviors, and ways of being based on personal judgments derived from one's ethics.

Front 9

Ethics

Back 9

The study of ideal human behavior and ideal ways of being.

Front 10

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Back 10

Federal legislation passed in 1996. Its main effect in EMS is in the limiting availability of patients and health care information and penalizing violations of patient privacy.

Front 11

Public Health

Back 11

Focused on examining the health needs of entire populations with the goal of preventing health problems.

Front 12

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Back 12

Acquired immunodeficiency sydrome (AIDS) is caused by the HIV, which damages the cells in the bodys immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers.

Front 13

Health Care Proxies

Back 13

A type of advance directive executive by a competent adult that appoints another individual to make medical treatment decisions on his/her behalf in the event that a person making the appointment loses decision making capacity.

Front 14

Implied Consent

Back 14

Type of consent in which a patient who is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that he/she would want treatment.

Front 15

Ethical Questions for Adults about Genetic Screening.

Back 15

- Do patients want to know?

- Should patients know, especially before reproducing?

- Should health care professionals inform patients of available tests?

- Should tests be available directly to consumers?

- Should the state mandate testing, and if so, for what specific reason/conditions?

Front 16

AMA's Ethics Statement on Confidentiality

Back 16

"Don't reveal the confidences entrusted (to you) unless you are required by law or unless it becomes necessary in order to protect the welfare of the individual or of the community."

Front 17

What is the principle of non-maleficence?

Back 17

Above all do no harm.

Front 18

What is the principle of beneficence?

Back 18

Help or do no harm.

Front 19

Principle of Utility?

Back 19

Actions should bring the greatest benefit with the least harm.

Front 20

What principles are grouped into distributive justice?

Back 20

1) Equality

2) Need

3) Contribution

4) Effort

Front 21

What is the major difference between Kantism and Utilitarianism?

Back 21

Kantism believes in never doing wrong, consequences are irrelevant.

Utilitarianism is all about the consequences.

Front 22

What medication started the realization that females and males need different studies of medication, because their bodies process drugs differently?

Back 22

Ambien

Front 23

How many phases are in a clinical trial?

Back 23

There are 5 phases.

Front 24

What is embryonic stem cell research?

Back 24

Embryonic stem cells are deprived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro.

Front 25

Vaccinating women with Gardasil before they're infected with HIV will eliminate up to what percent of cases of cervical cancer?

Back 25

70%

Front 26

Pregnancy and Autonomy

Back 26

The fetus has the status of a person and is no longer "part" of a woman's body--- it is separate and should be treating like a separate being.

A mother has the duty to protect the welfare of her unborn child.

Front 27

Mark Sieger

& Confidentiality

Back 27

It is impossible of perserving the confidentiality traditionally associated with the physician-patient relationship.

"Need to know basis."

Front 28

Two Aspects of Medical Confidentiality

Back 28

1) Confidentiality and third party interests.

2) Confidentiality and the patients interests.