Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
SubAtomic Particles
|
Electrons, neutrons, protons
|
|
|
What is Matter?
|
Anything that occupies space and has mass.
|
|
|
What is Kinetic Energy?
|
Energy in action
|
|
|
What is Potential Energy?
|
Stored energy; inactive energy that has the capability to do work but is not presently doing so.
|
|
|
Atom
|
Has a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons. Nucleus is surrounded by orbiting electrons.
|
|
|
Protons
|
Positive electrical Charge
|
|
|
Neutrons
|
Are Neutral.
|
|
|
Nucleus of an Atom
|
Positively Charged Overall.
|
|
|
Electrons
|
Bear a negative charge equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton.
|
|
|
Atoms
|
Electrically neutral because the number of protons in an atom is precisely balanced by its number of electrons.
|
|
|
Atomic Number
|
Equal to the number of protons in its nucleus and is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol.
|
|
|
Atomic Mass
|
Sum of Protons and Neutrons
|
|
|
Atomic Number
|
The Number of Protons
|
|
|
Molecular Weight
|
Atomic Weight x number of atoms. Example: C6 H12 O6 is 6x12 12x1 6x16 = total atomic weight.
|
|
|
Mole
|
Equal to Molecular Weight.
|
|
|
Ion
|
Charged Isotope with different number of Neutrons.
|
|
|
Valence Shell
|
Atom's outermost shell
|
|
|
Octet Rule
|
Rule of eights. Eight electrons in the outer (valence) shell.
|
|
|
Ionic Bond
|
Gives up electrons to another atom
|
|
|
Covalent Bond
|
Shares Electrons between atoms
|
|
|
Acid
|
0-7 on the pH scale is acidic
|
|
|
Neutral
|
7 is neutral on the pH scale
|
|
|
Base/Alkaline
|
7-14 on the pH scale.
|
|
|
Buffer
|
a Buffer resists change in pH, usually made of of salts; stabilizes pH. Blood has buffer.
|
|
|
Organic
|
Carbon based is or was living.
|
|
|
InOrganic
|
Non-carbon based.
|
|
|
Carbohydrates
|
A group of molecules that include sugars and starches. Represent 1-2% of cell mass.Made of monosaccharide (one sugar) disaccharide (two sugars) or polysaccharide (many sugars).
|
|
|
Monosaccharides
|
Simple sugars.
|
|
|
Lipid
|
A Fatty Acid Neutral fats, phospholipids, steroids. Plasma membrains are phospholipids.
|
|
|
Proteins
|
Made up of amino acids (20 different available amino acids)
|
|
|
Neutral Fats (Triglycerides)
|
Composed of fatty acids and glycerol. Protect and insulate body organs, the major source of stored energy in the body.
|
|
|
Phospholipids
|
Chief component of cell membranes, may participate in the transport of lipids in plasma, prevalent in nervous tissue.
|
|
|
Steroids
|
Flat molecules made of four interlocking hydrocarbon rings.
|
|
|
Primary Structure of a Protein
|
Linear sequence of amino acids remembling a strand of beads. Backbone of the protein molecule.
|
|
|
Secondary Structure of a protein alpha helix
|
Resembles a Slinky toy or the coils of a telephone cord.
|
|
|
Secondary Structure of a protein the Beta Pleated Sheet
|
linked side by side to form a pleated, ribbonlike, fan structure.
|
|
|
Tertiary Protien Structure
|
a-helical or b-pleated fold upon one another to form a compact ball like or gobular molecule.
|
|
|
Quaternary Structure
|
When two or more polypeptide chains aggregate in a regular manner to form a complex protein. Hemoglobin exhibits this structural level.
|
|
|
Enzyme
|
Protein Catalysts; matchmakers.
|
|
|
Nucleic Acids
|
Made of nucleotides.
|
|
|
Nucleotides
|
Adenine A
Quanine G Cytosine C Thymine T Uracil U |
|
|
DNA
|
Found in the nucleus of the cell, where it constitutes the genetic material, or genes.Two fundamental roles: replicates itself; provides instructions for building every protein in the body. Double Stranded, A,G,C, and T
|
|
|
RNA
|
Located chiefly outside the nucleus. A molecular slave of DNA. RNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA. Single strands A,G,C, and U. U replaces the T found in DNA. Sugar is Ribose.
|
