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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensation |
A process by which a simulated receptors create a pattern of neural messages that represent the stimulus in the brain. |
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Perception |
A process that allows sensory patterns to be meaningful |
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Sensory Receptors |
Specialized neurons that are activated by stimulation and convert the incoming stimulus into electrochemical signals |
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Sensory Pathways |
Bundles of neurons that carry information from the sense organs to the brain |
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Absolute Threshold |
Amount of stimulation necessary for a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time. |
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Difference Threshold |
Smallest amount by which a stimulus can be changed and the difference be detected. |
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Weber's Law |
The size of the difference threshold is proportional to the intensity of the stimulus.The difference threshold is always large when the stimulus intensity is high, and small when the stimulus intensity is low. |
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Signal Detection Theory |
Differences in absolute threshold in different people reflect human judgement. Example: When someone says “Abby” I will try to find someone who asked my name, other people might not care. |
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Sensory adaption |
Similar to habituation. |
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Rods and Cones |
Rods grayscale night vision, can’t see colors at night because rods can’t distinguished colors. Cones deal with color vision and sharp vision |
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Trichromatic Theory |
Based on the three different cone receptors; explains initial stages of color sensation |
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Opponent-process theory |
Showing a red image>blank space will show a green shadow. It explains the afterimage of certain objects. |
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Who tend to have more color vision problems; men or women? |
Men because of sex genetics. |
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What are the scientific names for the five senses? |
Sight - Vision Smell - Olfaction Taste - Gustatory Touch - Tactation Hear - Auditorian |
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Gate-Control Theory |
Pain signals must pass through “doorway” in spinal cord. |
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Placebo Treatment |
Neurotransmitters will fire (endorphins) to make the patient feel better. The placebo pill is just sugar so it won’t effect the the results.
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What is the relationship between sensation and perception? |
Perception brings meaning to sensation; therefore perception produces an interpretation of the external world, not a perfect representation of it. |
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What is the difference between top-down and bottom-up processing? |
Bottom-Up Processing: Analysis that emphasizes characteristics of the stimulus Top-Down Processing: Emphasizes the perceiver’s expectations, memories, and other cognitive factors |
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Gestalt Psychology |
States that much of perception is shaped by innate factors built into the brain |
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Closure |
Tendency to fill in gaps in figures and see incomplete figures as complete |
