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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COPD is a disease characterized by airflow limitation that (is or is not) fully reversible?
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is NOT
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In COPD, the injury and repair process causes _____.
a) scar tissue and narrowing of the airway b) scar tissue and widening of the airways c) tissue necrosis and narrowing of the airway d) tissue necrosis and widening of the airway |
a) scar tissue and narrowing of the airway
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How often must cough and sputum production last for in order to be defined as chronic bronchitis?
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3 months in each of 2 consecutive years
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During what time of year are exacerbations of chronic bronchitis most likely to occur?
a) winter b) spring c) summer d) fall |
a) winter
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What term describe the disease of impaired gas exchange and carbon dioxide exchange resulting from destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli?
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emphysema
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What term describes increased carbon dioxide?
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hypercapnia
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What is a common cardiac complication of emphysema?
a) aortic dysfunction b) left sided heart failure c) right sided heart failure d) ventricular heart failure |
c) right sided heart failure
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How is expiration changed with empysema?
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It becomes active and requires muscular effort.
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What is the most important risk factor for COPD?
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smoking
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What is alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency?
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a genetic predisposition for COPD
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By what 3 symptoms is COPD characterized by?
a) chronic cough b) hemoptysis c) dyspnea on exertion d) purulent sputum e) sputum production f) cyanosis of the lips and nail beds |
a) chronic cough
c) dyspnea on exertion e) sputum production |
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What is spirometry used to evaluate?
a) peak pressure b) inspiratory effort c) airflow obstruction d) tidal volume |
c) airflow obstruction
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Are chest x-rays usually done to diagnose someone with COPD?
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No, they are seldom diagnostic in COPD unless obvious bullous disease is present.
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What is the primary diagnosis that must be ruled out, before making a diagnosis of COPD?
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asthma
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How should the patient inhale after activating an MDI inhaler?
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they should take 3-5 second inhalation
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What are the primary causes of an acute exacerbation of COPD?
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tracheobronchial infection and air pollution
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What is the risk of death of COPD closely related to?
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development of respiratory acidosis
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What is the Haldane effect?
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When supplimental oxygen is given, increased oxygen saturation results, and carbon dioxide is unable to be carried by the hemoglobin so CO2 levels in the blood increase.
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What is a bullectomy?
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Surgically excising enlarged airspaces that do not contribute to ventilation.
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Why would someone undergo a lung volume reduction surgery?
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To remove one diseased area of the lung, only if the disease is not spread to other areas of the lungs.
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Which patients with COPD would benifit from exercise programs?
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All patients with COPD, in any stage
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What is direct or controlled coughing?
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A slow maximum inspiration, hold the breath for several seconds and then cough several times.
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What is "Huff" coughing?
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1-2 forced exhalations from low to medium lung volumes
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Why would extreme temperatures cause bronchospasm?
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Heat increases the body temperature thereby raising oxygen requirements and cold tends to promote bronchospasms.
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How far from an open mouth should an MDI inhaler be held
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1-2 inches
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How long should you hold your breath for after inhaling meds from an MDI inhaler?
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8-10 seconds
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How much time should you allow before sequential puffs from an MDI inhaler?
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1-2 minutes
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Chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles is termed _____.
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Bronchietasis
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Is bronchiectasis usually localized or diffuse?
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localized, most frequently a segment of the lower lobes
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Removing a segment of a lobe is termed ____?
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segmental resection
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Removal of a lung lobe is termed ____?
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lobectomy
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Removal of an entire lung is termed ____?
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pneumonectomy
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What disease of the airways is characterized by chronic inflammatation of the airways causing hyperresponsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucus production.
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Asthma
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How does asthma differ from other obstructive lung diseases?
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It is largely reversible
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What is the most common chronic disease of childhood and can occur at any age?
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Asthma
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What are the most potent and effective anti-inflammatory medications currently available?
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corticosteroids
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What devise should be used with inhaled corticosteroids?
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a spacer
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What should patients be advised to do after inhaling corticosteroids?
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Rinse their mouth
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Why should patients rinse their mouth after inhaling corticosteroids?
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to prevent thrush
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What agonist medications are first used for prompt relief of airflow obstruction?
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beta2-adrenergic
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