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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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summary of proprioceptors |
respond to degree, direction, and rate of change of body movements. transmit information to CNS. Muscle receptors: muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs. Joint and skin receptors: Ruffini endings and Pacinian corpuscles. Labyrinthine and neck receptors |
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what neuron presets sensitivity of spindle to stretch. very active when reflexes must be sharp. gymnast on balance beam. g efferent |
peripheral sensory receptors |
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a efferent neuron. motor neuron that activates/inhibits muscles.a efferent |
golgi tendon neuron |
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are intrafusal muscle fibers. located in muscle belly, parallel with fibers. when stretched, sensory nerve sends impulses to CNS, which activates the motor neurons causing contraction of the muscle. more spindles are located in muscles controlling precise movements |
muscle spindles |
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Summary of stretch reflex |
a muscle gets stretched. the muscle spindle is activated by change in length of muscle. an afferent message is sent to the spinal cord. the alpha motor neuron is activated. the muscle that is stretched is activated, and the antagonist is inhibited. |
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reflex movement is controlled by the... |
spinal cord |
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what is the primary posture muscle? |
soleus |
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when a person sways forward, what get activated? |
muscle spindles in the soleus |
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in standing posture, what reflex is activated |
the stretch reflex arc |
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when in standing posture, what is activated and what is inhibited |
the soleus is activated and the tibant is inhibited |
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spasticity. |
overactive stretch reflexes. common in people with neurological disorders (cerebral palsy, stroke). see a beating motion in response to rapid stretch called clonus. see continuous in response to slow stretch. Treatment: temporary: botulism toxin, permanent: dorsal rhizotomy |
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what is a beating motion in response to rapid stretch called? |
clonus |
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Golgi tendon organs |
embedded in series in the tendon, in the muscle-tendon junction (but more on the tendon side) GTO is activated by increased tension. Signals CNA to relax muscle. protective mechanism |
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how is the golgi tendon organs activated |
increased tension, it relaxes the muscles. a protective mechanism |
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summary of reflex inhibition |
a tendon is under high tension. the golgi tendon organ is activated by tension level in the muscle. an afferent message is sent to the spinal cord. the alpha motor neuron is activated. the muscle of the tenon under tension is inhibited and the antagonist is activated |
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what does afferent mean? |
conducting inward or towards something |
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what does efferent mean? |
conducting outward or away from something |
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Pacinian corpuscles |
located in regions around joint capsules, ligament, and tendons sheaths. measure acceleration, rapid movement of joints, as well as joint pressure. transmit impulses for only a very brief time. predict where body part will be at any time. appropriate adjustment in position can be anticipated. why people will not hit themselves in the head, they know where their face it |
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Ruffini endings |
in deep layers of skin and joint capsules. activated by mechanical deformation. signal continuous states of pressure. adapt slowly, then transmit a steady signal. sense joint position and changes in joint angle. the CNS knowing which receptors are stimulated can tell the joint angle when little movement is occuring |
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stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments by contracting the antagonist muscles. common warm up like high knees |
active stretching |
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stretching muscles, tendons, and ligaments by a force other than the antagonist muscle |
passive stretching |
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maintaing a slow, controlled sustained stretch over the time golgi tendon organs relax the muscle to get an even deeper stretch |
static stretching |
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series of quick, bouncing type stretches. muscle spindles activate the muscle youre trying to stretch and put more stretch or tension on that tendon from the inside |
ballistic stretching |
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Proprisceptive neuromuscular facilitation |
also known as PNF. require a partner or clinician. originally used for treating neuromuscular paralysis. take advantage of GTO response by alternative contraction and relaxation of agonist and antagonist muscles. most common technique: contract-relax-antagonist contract-relax technique |
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ligaments reinforcing the joint are stretched and possibly torn |
sprain |
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minor tear or stretch |
first degree sprain |
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tear, followed by pain and swelling |
second degree |
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complete ligamentous rupture |
third degree |
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omplete rupture, along with small bones |
fourth degree sprain |
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partial dislocation of a joint |
subluxation |
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totla mea |
d |
