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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 4 things soil is composed of and what percentage of total composition do they take? |
Minerals 45% Water 20-30% Organic matter 5% Air 20-30% |
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What is a soil pedon? |
A sample of the soil |
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What is a polypedon |
Multiple soil samples |
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What is solum? |
All material above the parent material |
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Name the 6 soil processes |
Evuviation Addition Transformation Translocation Illuviation Depletion |
I already eated (Eattid) |
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What is the soil process of addition? |
Addition of organic material, dust and other sediments |
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Change of organic material to humus, parent material minerals into clays, iron and Aluminum Oxide |
Transformation |
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When organic material or minerals are lost to dissolving like through being washed away or absorbed into the ground |
Depletion |
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When mineral particles, humus, iron, Aluminum oxides, and dissolved ions are moved by soil water, plants and animals |
Translocation |
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Evuviation |
The "washing out" of materials (depletion) from percolation |
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What is Illuviation? |
When dissolved materials or particles become deposited after water is percolated |
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What is R soil type and where is it placed? |
R is parent material It is unaltered And it is at the bottom |
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What is regolith? |
Fractured, weathered material, loose material above bedrock |
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What is the C soil type and where is it located? |
Regolith Above bedrock Below illuvial soil |
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What is the B soil type and where is it located |
Illuvial Mineral rich Between Eluvial and regolith |
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What is the E soil type and where is it located |
Eluvial Mineral poor Under top soil Above illuvial |
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What is the A soil type and where is it located |
Top soil Under organic Above Eluvial |
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What is the O soil type and where is it located |
Organic Humus rich At the top |
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What are the 5 soil formation factors? |
climate Biology Parent material Topography Tone |
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How does warm/ wet climate affect soil formation? |
chemical weathering Fine texture Rapid forming Deep soils |
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How does cold/ dry climate effect soil formation |
Shallow soil Physical weathering Coarse texture Slow forming |
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How does biology affect soil formation? |
Plant litter (dead leaves and ****) decomposes into humus Creates and maintains pore space (worms and ****) |
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How does parent material affect soil formation? |
regolith (local) Deposited sediment (transported in) |
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Cliffs have soil development. True or false? |
False |
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Where is residual soil developed? |
On bedrock |
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Where is transported soil developed? |
On streams |
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How do humans affect soil formation? |
increased erosion rate (plowing, overgazing, burning, construction) Net soil loss Net depletion (nutrient loss) |
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What is Karst? |
Chemically weathered carbonite sedimentary rock |
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What is the ideal condition for karst development? |
Thick limestone Well jointed rock Wet climate/ lots of ground water Sloping topography |
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What is the primary rock for the formation of karst? What is the impurity limit and ideal feature? |
limestone 20-30% impurity More porous |
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How do horizontal beds effect karst development? |
slow down underground drainage and development |
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This type of Karst can be found in a place with many sink holes |
Temperate Karst |
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This type of Karst is rapid forming |
Tropical/Caribbean |
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This type of Karst exists where there is disappearing streams |
Temperate Karst |
I swear this isn't a riddle |
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This type of karst is found by jagged rock masses |
Temperate Karst |
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This type of Karst results from rapid rainfall, humidity, biogenic action and organic acids in the soil |
Tropical karst |
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This type of Karst is formed from flat laying limestone barely above sea level |
Caribbean karst |
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This type of Karst forms in steep sided hills that tend to be covered in vegetation |
Tropical karst |
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This type of Karst has large solution features |
Tropical karst |
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This is formed by water heated by igneous rock and the water is 6-9 degrees hotter than the average air temperature |
Hot spring |
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This occurs when extensive chambers exist within hot igneous rock. The ground water heats, expands, changes to steam and erupts |
Geysers |
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What are the 5 steps of old faithful? |
Chamber heat build up Eruption Drain Refill Repeat |
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Iron oxidation turns rocks and soils red and yellow. True or false? |
True |
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