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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pacific Ocean
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almost large as the Indian and Atlantic combined. More then half the world's water, grestest depthd ave.12,900
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Atlantic Ocean
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narrow, connect poles, shallowest due to seas like the Caribbean, the Mediterranean and the Gulf of Mexico
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Indian Ocean
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mostly in the southern hemisphere and mostly warm water, 3rd largestm right along the equortor
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Zones
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Upper mix zone (salt, consentration, temp.)
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Themocline
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a rapid decrease in temp. with depth
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Halocline
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change in salinity
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Active continental margins
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loacted at plate boundaries
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Passive continental margins
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not located at plate boundaries
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Continental Shelf
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-very gradually sloping surface extending from the continents.
-small, but contain most of the life in the sea -Usually only about 50 miles wide, but vary greatly -depth 500 feet |
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Nearly Flat
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-drops only 10 ft/mile
-May have glacial valleys or riverbeds cut into them |
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Continental Slope
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-steeper, drops at 5-25 degrees
-Slope levels out to the continental rise ( between self and abyssal plain) - Rise grades into abyssal plain |
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Deep sea fans
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left by water currents
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Turbidity currents
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underwater landslides
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Abyssal plains
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-are the flattest places in earth
-rough, but buried by sediments - Plains are broken uo by seamounts and trenches |
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Atoll
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a reef that grows around a volcano
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Seamounts
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underwater volcanoes
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Coral Reefs
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dominate the shelf in tropics
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Corals
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-water must remain above 65 degrees year round.
-live with algea, so also live above 150 feet in depth |
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Current
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moving mass of water
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Gyre
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large cycle currents
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Coriolis Effect
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slight bending of currents due to the spin of the earth
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Northern Hemisphere
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currents bend to the right (clockwise)
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Southern Hemisphere
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currents bed to the left (counterclockwise)
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Sargasso sea
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"dead" are in the north Atlantic surrounded by currents
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Upwelling
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winds remove overlying warm and cold water rise
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Deep Currents
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from the descent of cold and/ or saltier waters (more dense)
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Tides
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rise and fall of oceans due to the gravitational pull of the moon and sun
-moon pulls at the water and the earth |
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High tide
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least influence of the sun and moon
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Low tides
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water ulled away due to a greater influence
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Spring tides
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occur when the sun and moon are on the same side of the earth, results in the most extreme tides (your highest high tides, and your lowest low tides)
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Neap tides
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occurs whenn the sun and moon are perpendicular; results in the least tidal fluctuations
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Tidal Waves
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usually very small
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Tidal Currents
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very weak (ebb currents)
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Wave
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the result of winds
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Crest
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top
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Trough
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Valley
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Height
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crest to trough
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wavelength
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crest to crest ( or trough to trough)
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Wave break
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surf
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Longshore current
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wave running parallel to the shoreline; the result of wave reflections
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Reflection
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bouncing back of wave energy
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Barrier Island
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pile of sediments dposited by reflected waves
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Refraction
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waves are bent around an object
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Diffraction
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expand when passing through a channel
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Rip currents
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reflected waves are forces between two barriers (no rid tide or undertow)
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Beach erosion
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result of development too close to the beach ( right on teh beach)
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Groin
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traps sediment (traps sed. rocks)
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Shore
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point where water touches land; area between high and low tide lines
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Berm
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area between the shore and the first dune (above high tide)
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Weather
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the condition of the atmosphere at an given time
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Climate
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the average of weather over a long period of time
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Atmosphere
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layer of air surrounding the earth
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Air
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mostly nitrogen(79%) and oxygen(21%)
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Air pressure
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the weight of the air above
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Troposhere
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layer where we live; contains most weather
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Stratosphere
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3rd layer
warm layer to 30 miles; warm due to ozone layer |
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Mesosphere
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middle layer above the statosphere and below the thermosphere
-temperatures drop again |
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Thermosphere
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top layer
temperatures to over 1800 degrees, but not hot |
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Rotation
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the spin of the earth, changes the side exposed to the sun every 24 hours
about 900 mph |
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Revolution
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orbit of the earth around the sun every 365 days
about 66,000 mph distance ave. 93 million miles |
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Seasons
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changes in weather throughtout the year based in the amount of solar radiation
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Summer Solstice
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6-22 rays directly srike the Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees north)
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Winter Solstice
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12-21 rays directly strike the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees south)
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Equinoxes
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directly strike equator
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Conduction
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transfer from particle to particle
good inly in solids where particles are closer, so only where the earth meets the atmoshpere, insignificant |
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Convection
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movement of particles themselves
only on fluids so important in oceans and atmosphere Wind is an example |
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Radiation
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energy in waves, do not need other particles to travel, so can travel through space
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Electromagnetic Radiation
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types differ in waverlenghs
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Visible Light
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seen with the human eye
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Infrared
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heat energy
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Ultraviolet
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tanning rays
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Scattering
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radiation is scattered after encounting dust and gases in the atmosphere
only way light reaches unexposed areas |
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Higher Altitudes
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cooler b/c less air to reain heat and water
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