Exam 3

Front 1

A group of individuals of a single species living together is a
A. Deme
B. Phentoype
C. Genome
D. Biotic Community
E. Population

Back 1

E. Population

Front 2

A community and the nonliving factors with which it interacts is called a(n)
A. Population
B. Race
C. Cline
D. Environment
E. Ecosystem

Back 2

E. Ecosystem

Front 3

Many times species are composed of networks of distinct populations called metapopulations. Metapopulations occur in areas where
A. A population in better habitats continually sends out dispersers to bolster populations in poorer habitats.
B. A population in poor habitat continually sends out disperses to bolster populations in better habitats.
C. A population in better habitats does not send out colonizers into poorer habitats.
D. Suitable habitat is patchily distributed and separated by areas of unsuitable habitat.

Back 3

D. Suitable habitat is patchily distributed and separated by areas of unsuitable habitat.

Front 4

Populations of endotherms that live in colder climates tend to have shorter ears and limbs than populations of the same species in warm climates. This is called ____________ Rule.
A. Allen
B. the K-Selected
C. the r-Selected
D. Edward's

Back 4

A. Allen

Front 5

A species displaying which of the survivorship curves is likely to spend the most energy on care for their young?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III

Back 5

A. Type I

Front 6

The rate at which a population of a given species will increase when no limits are placed on its rate of growth is called its _________.
A. Maximum Growth
B. Carrying Capacity
C. Biotic Potential
D. Optimal Growth

Back 6

C. Biotic Potential

Front 7

Species that have a delayed reproductive stage, are competing for limited resources, and have smaller numbers of slowly maturing large offspring show ______ selected adaptations.
A. K-
B. r-

Back 7

A. K-

Front 8

Organisms that produce offspring several times over many seasons exhibit a life history adaptation called
A. Semelparity.
B. Iteroparity.
C. Biparity.
D. Polyparity
E. Alloparity

Back 8

B. Iteroparity.

Front 9

Effects that are dependent on the size of the population and regulate the growth of populations are called ___________ effects.
A. K-related
B. Density-Independent
C. Environmental Resistance
D. Density-Dependent
E. Demographic

Back 9

D. Density-Dependent

Front 10

The number of individuals of a species that can be supported indefinitely in a particular place is called its
A. Niche.
B. Biotic Potential.
C. Carrying Capacity
D. Maximum Size
E. Habitat Usage

Back 10

C. Carrying Capacity

Front 11

All organisms living together in a place are called a __________.
A. Community
B. Population
C. Species
D. Ecosystem

Back 11

A. Community

Front 12

Competition shapes communities because there are usually limited __________.
A. Species
B. Resources
C. Interactions
D. Nutrients

Back 12

B. Resources

Front 13

The attempt of two organisms trying to utilize the same resource is called __________.
A. Synergy
B. Parasitism
C. Competition
D. Interference

Back 13

C

Front 14

No two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely without competition driving one to ________.
A. Migrate
B. Overpopulate
C. Speciation
D. Extinction

Back 14

D

Front 15

The pattern of living or the function of an organism in a community is called its
A.niche.
B. habitat.
C. hierarchy.
D. speciation.
E. predation.

Back 15

A

Front 16

In ________ mimicry, two or more unrelated but protected species resemble one another, thus achieving a kind of group defense.
A. Batesian
B. Disruptive
C. Müllerian
D. Cooperative

Back 16

C

Front 17

A _________ relationship is one in which two or more kinds of organisms live together in often elaborate and more or less permanent association.
A. Symbiotic
B. Parasitic
C. Mutualistic
D. Synergistic

Back 17

A

Front 18

Some animals are ______ colored and blend in with their surroundings.
A. Aposematically
B. Cryptically
C. Asymmetrically
D. Randomly

Back 18

B

Front 19

A relationship in which both members benefit is called
A. Predation.
B. Parasitism.
C. Mutualism.
D. Commensalism.
E. Sympatric.

Back 19

C

Front 20

The symbiotic relationship between cattle egrets and cape buffalo is an example of
A. Mutualism.
B. Parasitism.
C. Commensalism.
D. Predation.
E. Competition

Back 20

C

Front 21

The reintroduction of wolves (which eat elk) into Yellowstone would have _______ effect on aspen and _______ effect on elk (which eat the aspen).
A. a direct; a direct
B. a direct; an indirect
C. an indirect; a direct
D. an indirect; an indirect

Back 21

C

Front 22

A species that interacts in critical ways with many other elements of an ecosystem is called a ___________ species.
A.Predatory
B. Keystone
C. Primary
D. Dominant
E. Succeeding

Back 22

B

Front 23

Communities evolve to have greater biomass and species richness in a process called
A. Symbiosis.
B. Higher productivity.
C. Spatial heterogeneity.
D. Predictability.
E. Succession.

Back 23

E

Front 24

Lakes become eutrophic by
A. accumulation of organic matter.
B. loss of organic matter.
C. circulation of water in the lake.
D. free exchange of water with outside sources.
E. an increase in the number of organisms.

Back 24

A

Front 25

What does it mean if a lake is Oligotrophic?

Back 25

Low in nutrients but high in dissolved oxygen at all depths.

Front 26

What does it mean if a lake is Eutrophic?

Back 26

High in nutrients for algae but are low in dissolved oxygen

Front 27

Intermediate amounts of disturbance appear to increase species diversity by
A. Keeping communities in primary stages of succession.
B. Increasing the level of immigration of new species
C. Making the habitat more homogenous.
D. Keeping communities out of the final stages of succession.

Back 27

D

Front 28

__________ becomes available to organisms almost entirely through the metabolic activities of a few genera of bacteria.
A. Phosphorus
B. Sulfur
C. Nitrogen
D. Iron

Back 28

C

Front 29

______ is defined as the total amount of energy fixed per unit of time minus the amount of energy expended by the metabolic activities of the photosynthetic organisms in the community.
A. Net primary productivity
B. Gross primary productivity
C. Carrying capacity
D. Net metabolism

Back 29

A

Front 30

Organisms that break down organic matter are called
A. Detritivores.
B. Omnivores.
C. Herbivores.
D. Carnivores

Back 30

A

Front 31

All of the following undergo biogeochemical cycles except
A. Carbon.
B. Energy.
C. Nitrogen.
D. Sulfur.
E. Water.

Back 31

B

Front 32

The net weight of all of the organisms living in an ecosystem is its
A. productivity.
B. biomass.
C. vital force.
D. photosynthesis minus metabolism.
E. combined output of metabolism and photosynthesis.

Back 32

B

Front 33

According to MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography theory, which of the following would be expected to have the smallest species diversity?
A. the mainland
B. a large island near the mainland
C. a large island far from the mainland
D. a small island near the mainland
E. a small island far from the mainland

Back 33

E

Front 34

Which one of the following explanations for why the tropics have greater species diversity than the temperate zone is least convincing?
A. Seasonality variability is less in the tropics.
B. Niches are narrower in the tropics.
C. Fewer predators in the tropics allow more prey species to flourish.
D. Greater spatial heterogeneity in the tropics creates more niches.
E. The tropics have greater plant production, which supports greater overall species richness.

Back 34

C

Front 35

Which one of the following observations was not an outcome of studies by David Tilman and coworkers at Cedar Creek, Minnesota on ecosystem stability?
A. Plots with more species showed less year-to-year variation in biomass.
B. Species rich plots were less affected by drought than species poor plots.
C. More diverse plots were less susceptible to invasion by new species.
D. Nitrogen uptake and total biomass produced were negatively correlated to species richness.
E. Overyielding was observed in more recent work at Cedar Creek.

Back 35

D

Front 36

All of the following apply to the demography of human populations today except
A. we use almost half of the Earth's land.
B. we use over half of all renewable fresh water sources.
C. we are unevenly distributed and the difference is increasing.
D. we are using distributed resources unevenly—less than 20% of us use over 80% of the energy.
E. our ecological footprint is decreasing.

Back 36

E

Front 37

As the global concentration of carbon dioxide increases, the world's temperature is rising, with great potential direct impact on the world's _________.
A. climate
B. biodiversity
C. biogeochemistry
D. ozone layer

Back 37

A

Front 38

The most serious and rapidly accelerating of all global environmental problems is the loss of
A. biodiversity.
B. fossil fuels.
C. fresh water.
D. unused land for agriculture.
E. small farms

Back 38

A

Front 39

Biological magnification of persistent toxins should be greatest in
A. herbivores.
B. primary carnivores.
C. secondary carnivores.
D. detritivores.
E.keystone species.

Back 39

C

Front 40

Non-biodegradable material that still remains largely unchanged in the solid waste dumps.
A. chlorofluorocarbons
B. ozone layer
C. carbon dioxide and sulfur
D. coal, natural gas, oil
E. plastics

Back 40

E