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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process of protein synthesis begins in the nucleus, with the ... of the double stranded DNA into a single stranded RNA
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transcription
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The RNA is processed by a complex of enzymes (RNA slicing) to remove the non-coding regions resulting in the creation of a ...
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messenger RNA (mRNA)
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the mRNA translocates to the cytoplasm through ...
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nuclear pores
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what encodes for AAs, the building blocks of proteins
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mRNA
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the conversion of mRNA into a protein is called ...
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translation
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during the process of translation, each AA is specified by a triplet of nucleotides called a ...
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codon
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the entire process of translation occurs on ...
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ribosomes
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during the translation process, AAs become covalently linked to one another by the formation of ... creating a polypeptide
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peptide bonds
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what are the 2 types of ribosomes?
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bound to RER
free in cytoplasm |
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what part of the rER contains extracytoplasm?
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lumen
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membranes surrounding a lumen are called...
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cisternae
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proteins encoded for by rER-bound ribosomes become ... proteins, or ... or ... proteins
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integral membrane
lysosomal secretory |
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free ribosomes encode for ... proteins.
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cytoplasmic
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both free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to rER occur as ...
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polyribosomes
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the rER is a series of membrane (~7 nm thick) cisternae surrounding a ... or intracisternal space
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lumen
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the lumen of rER often contains ... material (fuzzy stuff)
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flocculent
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... (secretory) gland cells contain large cisternae of rER which lie parallel to one another and form large arrays in the cytoplasm
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exocrine
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major function of rER is synthesis and segregation of ... and ... proteins from the cytoplasm.
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secretory
integral membrane |
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protein synthesis on rER membranes involves a ...
-ribosomes are the same. it's what's being translated from mRNA that determines the type of ribosome |
signal sequence
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the golgi complex is present in all eukaryotic cells and is located where in the cell?
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in cell center (along with centrosome)
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golgi consists of a series of subcompartments organized as a ... of membrane-limited cisternae arranged in a polarized series
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stack
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the ... (maturing) face is on the side furthest away from the rER
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trans
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the ... (forming) face is the side that is facing the rER
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cis
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the golgi kinda forms a U-shape, with the ... face at the bottom and the ... face at the top
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cis
trans |
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the golgi is usually restricted to a defined area of the cell referred to as the golgi region, or golgi zone, which is located next to the ... in the majority of cell types
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nucleus (juxtanuclear)
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resident enzymes are differentially distributed across the golgi stacks, i.e. sialytransferase is only located in the ... golgi
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trans
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the golgi is ...: The ... or entry side faces the rER; the ... or exit side faces secretory granules or vesicles and centrioles
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polarized
cis trans |
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Small vesicles and "transitional elements" of the rER are found opposite the ...-side of the golgi complex. transitional elements are part rough and part smooth ER. the smooth membranes face the ...-most cisternae of the golgi complex
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cis
cis |
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the more active cell,the (smaller or larger) the golgi apparatus?
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larger
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All golgi membranes are smooth. In some cells, golgi membranes increase in thickness from cis( # nm) to trans (#-# nm)
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6
8-10 |
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golgi is the major center for membrane ... (targeting to proper location)
-puts proteins in the correct compartments |
trafficking
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golgi is exclusively responsible for a number of ... of proteins
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post-translational modification
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the golgi functions to
-begin terminal N- and O-... -... lysosomal enzymes -... (occurs in trans-section of golgi) |
glycosylation
phosphorylates sulfation |
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Fatty acylation (attachment of fatty acids to membrane proteins) and proteolytic processing of proproteins are believed to take place at least in part in the ... and ... golgi elements
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cis
trans |
