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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chlorpheniramine
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1st gen H1 antagonist
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Diphenhydramine
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1st gen H1 antagonist
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Pyrilamine
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1st gen H1 antagonist
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Cyclizine
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1st gen H1 antagonist
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Promethazine
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1st gen H1 antagonist, anti adrenoceptor action = prevents ortho htn
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Cyproheptadine
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1st gen H1 antagonist and 5HT antagonist, prevents post gastrectomy dump syndrome
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Fexofenadine
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2nd gen H1 antagonist (doesn't pass BBB as well = less sleepy)
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Loratadine
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2nd gen H1 antagonist (doesn't pass BBB as well = less sleepy), aka Claratin
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Cetirizine
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2nd gen H1 antagonist (doesn't pass BBB as well = less sleepy)
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Acrivastine
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2nd gen H1 antagonist (doesn't pass BBB as well = less sleepy)
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Dexfenfluramine
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5HT anorectic
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Buspirone
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5HT1a agonist, anxiolytic
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Sumatriptan
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5HT1d/b agonist. Reduces migranes by vasoconstricting
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Ritaserine
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5HT2 antagonist. Reduces thromboxane formation
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Ondansetron
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5HT3 antagonist. Treats GI SE of chemo.
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Ketanserine
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5HT1c and 5HT2 antagonist. Used to treat HTN in the EU.
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Dinoprostane
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PGE2 analog which has an oxytocic use. Stimulates uterus contraction. Used for abortion in 2nd trimes.
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Misoprostol
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PGE1 analog and used in RU486 as a combo pill. Aka day after pill, used to induce uterine contractions and expel fetus. Also inhibits gastric secretion, used to tx ulcers.
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Alprostadil
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PGE1 analog. Used to maintain patency of ductus arteriosus. Has smooth muscle relaxing effect.
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Indomethacin
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COX1-I, NSAID
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Sulindac
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COX1-I, NSAID
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Ibuprofen
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COX1/2-I, NSAID
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Nabumetone
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COX2-I, NSAID
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Coxibs
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COX2-I, NSAID
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Naproxen
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COX1/2-I, NSAID
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Aspirin
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irreversible inhibition of XOC. Prophylactic for TIA/unstable angina. Degrades to salicyclic acid. Reduces thrombosis in coronary artery bypass, MI.
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Dexamethasone
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PLA2 inhibition by chelation of substrate, lipcortins, annexins, COX2 expression
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Celecoxib
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aka Celebrex. COX2-I for RA tx.
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Rofecoxib
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aka Vioxx. COX2-I for RA tx.
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Epoprostol
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PGI2 derivative used to treat primary pulm HTN
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Latanoprost
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PGF2alpha derivative. Topically active. Used to tx glaucoma.
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Carboprost tromethamine
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PGF2alpha derivative. Used for early/2nd trimes abortion.
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Dazoxiben
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TxA2 synthase inhibitor. Used to tx coronary artery dz
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Zileuton
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5LOX-I. Prevents exercise induced asthma
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Monteleukast
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aka Singulair. LT-R antagonist
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Zafirleukast
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LT-R antagonist
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Captopril
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ACE-I
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Enalapril
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ACE-I
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Ramipril
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ACE-I
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Losartan
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AT1-R antagonist. Same as ACE-I but no cough SE.
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Aliskiren
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inhibits catalytic activity of renin
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Verapamil
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CCB, phenylalkylamine. More selective for cardiac than vasc tissue. Tx angina, HTN, atrial arrhythmias, vasc HA
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Nifedipine
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CCB, dihydropyridine. Tx angina, HTN. Short lived so must be taken 3-4X/day
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Amlodipine
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CCB, dihydropyridine. Tx angina, HTN
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Felodipine
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CCB, dihydropyridine. Tx angina, HTN
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Isradipine
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CCB, dihydropyridine. Tx angina, HTN
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Nicardipine
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CCB, dihydropyridine. Tx angina, HTN, subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Diltiazem
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CCB, benzothiazipine. Tx angina, HTN, atrial arrhythmia.
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Bepridil
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CCB. Treats angina.
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Gallopamil
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CCB, phenylalkylamine. Used in the ED only
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Mimodapine
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CCB, dihydropyridine. Very lipophillic, used in subarrachnoid hemorrhage by decreasing vasospasms due to berry aneurysm.
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Ergonovine
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Ergot, amine side chain, reactive at 5HT-R
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Methyl ergonovine
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Ergot, amine side chain, reactive at 5HT-R
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Methysergide
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Ergot, amine side chain, reactive at 5HT-R
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Ergotamine
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Ergot, amino acid side chain, reactive at alpha and DA receptors
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Dihydroergotamine
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Ergot, amino acid side chain, reactive at alpha and DA receptors
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Bromocriptine
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Ergot, amino acid side chain, DA agonist, reactive at alpha and DA receptors
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Theophylline
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a methylxanthine. Poorly soluble and must be complexed with ethyldiamine to form aminophylline
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Amyl nitrite
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organic nitrate, liquid capsule, via inhalation, short acting, used recreationally as a "popper",
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Nitroglycerin
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organic nitrate, 3 molecules of NO2, encounteres nitrate reductase and releases NO, via transdermal, subQ, buccal, low oral bioavailbility due to liver
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Isosorbide dinitrate
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organic nitrate, can be given orally
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Atenolol
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B-blocker, decrease HR and contractility,
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Metoprolol
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B-blocker, decrease HR and contractility,
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Propranolol
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B-blocker, decrease HR and contractility, also local anestheic, causes nightmares,
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Nadolol
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B-blocker, decrease HR and contractility
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Esmolol
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B-blocker, decrease HR and contractility, ZERO bioavailability. Used onlyin emergencies b/c it has fast and quickly ending action
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Clopidogrel
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ADP antagonist. Usd to tx unstable angina.
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Dipyridamole
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can cause coronary Steal syndrome
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Acetazolamide
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, decreased H+ secretion by the proximl tubule, diurectic, treats: glaucoma, acute mtn sickness, edema, antiepileptic, metabolic alkalosis.
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Dichlorphenamide
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, decreased H+ secretion by the proximl tubule, diurectic, treats: glaucoma, acute mtn sickness, edema, antiepileptic, metabolic alkalosis.
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Methazolamide
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, decreased H+ secretion by the proximl tubule, diurectic, treats: glaucoma, acute mtn sickness, edema, antiepileptic, metabolic alkalosis.
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Mannitol
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Osmotic diuretic. Restricts reabsorption across H2O permeable membranes. Used for glaucoma, high ICP, and anuria due to rhabdomyolysis. Causes hypovolemia. ContraI= CHF.
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Glycerin
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Osmotic diuretic. Restricts reabsorption across H2O permeable membranes. Used for glaucoma, high ICP, and anuria due to rhabdomyolysis. Causes hypovolemia. ContraI= CHF. Also a lubricant
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Furosemide
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Loop diuretic (inhibits Na/2Cl/K triporter), sulfonamide. High ceiling diuretic.
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Ethacrynic acid
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Loop diuretic (inhibits Na/2Cl/K triporter), NON-sulfonamide. Prodrug that joins with cystein to become active.
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Bumetanide
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Loop diuretic (inhibits Na/2Cl/K triporter), sulfonamide
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Torsemide
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Loop diuretic (inhibits Na/2Cl/K triporter), sulfonamide
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Probenecid
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used to treat gout, interferes with organic acid transport, block action of loop diurectics.
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Thiazide
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diuretic, inhibits Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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thiazide-like, inhibits Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
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Indapamide
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thiazide-like, inhibits Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule
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Amiloride
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diuretic, inhibits renal ENaC, K-sparing diuretic
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Triamterene
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diuretic, inhibits renal ENaC, K-sparing diuretic
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Spironolactone
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mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist
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Eplerenone
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mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist
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Conivaptan
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vasopressin receptor antagonist. Used to tx hyponatremia
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Sodium Bicarbonate
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irreversible , systemic, antacid. Produces alkalosis
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Magnesium hydroxide
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reversible, nonsystemic, antacid; can cause renal toxicity and diarrhea
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Aluminum hydroxide
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reversible, nonsystemic, antacid, can cause constipation
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Calcium Carbonate
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reversible, nonsystemic, antacid
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Pirenziepine
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M1 antagonist. Used to treat gastric acid production
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Telenzepine
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M1 antagonist. Used to treat gastric acid production
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Cimetidine
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H2-R antagonist, least potent, inhibits P450
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Ranitidine
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H2-R antagonist, mid-range potency, inhibits P450
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Famotidine
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H2-R antagonist, most potent.
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Nizatidine
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H2-R antagonist, mid-range potency,. Most bioavailable.
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Omeprazole
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H+K+ ATPase inhibitor (Proton pump inhibitor), prodrug
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Lansoprezole
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H+K+ ATPase inhibitor (Proton pump inhibitor), prodrug
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Misoprostol
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Prostaglandin, reduces acid. PGE-1 analog, only indicated for NSAID inudced ulcer treatment
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Sucralfate (carafate)
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in acid conditions, aluminum is lost leaving a polar anion. Anion binds to damaged areas and prevents further acid action
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Bismuth
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antimicrobial activitiy. Binds to affected areas and prevents further dmg
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Metoclopramide
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DA antagonist with cholinomimetic properties. 5HT3/4 antagonist. Usd to tx nausea, vomiting assocaited with chemo. Increases gastric emptying and can be used to treat reflux
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Castor oil
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hydrolyzed to ricinoleic acid by pancreatic lipases to inc cAMP. Rapid onset (3h). Stimulant laxative
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Diphenylmethane
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stimulant laxative, effects on large I, 6hr onset
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Bisacodyl
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stimulant laxative, converted to active deactylated metabolite in colon. 6-8hr onset
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Phenolphthalein
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stimulant laxative
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Senna
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anthraquinones. stimulant laxative, converted to active aglyconse in colon, 6-8hr onset. Stimulate enteric nerve to increase motility
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Cascara
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anthraquinones. stimulant laxative, converted to active aglyconse in colon, 6-8hr onset. Stimulate enteric nerve to increase motility
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Aloes
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anthraquinones. stimulant laxative, converted to active aglyconse in colon, 6-8hr onset. Stimulate enteric nerve to increase motility
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Bran
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bulk laxative, increase fluid uptake, inc peristalsis, takes 1-3 days to act
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Psyllium
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bulk laxative, increase fluid uptake, inc peristalsis, takes 1-3 days to act
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Cellulose
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bulk laxative, increase fluid uptake, inc peristalsis, takes 1-3 days to act
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Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
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surface acting, wetting agent, laxative. Lowers surface tension to allow fecal penetration by water. 1-3 day onset
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Polyethylene glycol
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electrolyte solution for rapid evauation of bowel, rapid effect
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Lactulose
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synthetic dissacharide used as a laxative. 1-3 day onset. Major use is reduction of blood ammonia in chronic portal HTN and hepatic encepalopathy
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Diphenoxylate
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meperidine analog. Tx diarrhea. Inhibits peristalsis. Combined with atropine (and called lomotil) to prevent abuse potential
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Loperamide
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piperidine analog. Doesn’t cross BBB. Used to tx diarrhea
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Kaolin
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combined with opiates and binds intestinal wall to inhibit effect of the irritant. Anti-diarrhetic.
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Pancrelipase
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used for enzyme insufficiency. Replaces amylase, lipase, and protease
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Ursodiol
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dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. Takes 12-24 months to get rid of gall stones
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Amitryptyline
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TCAs that can be used to tx IBS
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Desipramine
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TCAs that can be used to tx IBS
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Lubiprostone
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PGE derivative. Activates type 2 Cl channel and inc Cl secretion. Treats constipation IBS
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Dicyclomine
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antispasmodic. Muscarinic antagonist used to tx IBS. Can cause blurry vision and dry mouth
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Hyoscyamine
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antispasmodic. Muscarinic antagonist used to tx IBS. Can cause blurry vision and dry mouth
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Alosetran
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5HT3 antagonist. For women w severe IBS w diarrhea. Only used in resistant cases
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Tegaserod
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5HT4 agonist. Used for women w IBS constipation. Withdrawn in 2007
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5-ASA
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aka 5-aminosalicyclic acid. Treats IBD (UC and chrons). Types are pentasa, asacol, lialda.
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Azathioprine
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Treats IBD (UC/crohns). Converted to 5-mercaptopurine.
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6-mercaptopurine
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Treats IBD (UC/crohns). Converted to thioguanine which has immunosuppresive activity
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Methotrexate
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treats IBD (UC/crohns). Maintains remission in crohns. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Prevents synthesis of purines and thymididine. SE = BM suppression, megablastic anemia, alopecia.
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Infliximab
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TNFalpha antibody; treats IBD (UC/Crohn's); given IV
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Adalimumab
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TNFalpha antibody; treats IBD (UC/Crohn's); given subQ
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Certolizumab
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TNFalpha antibody; treats IBD (UC/Crohn's); given subQ
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Natalizumab
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anti-Integrin antibody (of alpha4 subunit). Used to tx severe Crohn's.
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Odansetron
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5HT3 antagonist, used to tx chemo-induced nausea and vomiting
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Aprepitant
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neurokinin antagonist. Used to treat chemo-induced nausea and vomiting
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Droperidol
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treats nausea and vomiting. A phenothiazine
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Meclozine
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H1 and muscarinic antagonist. Treats motion sickness. No drowsyness
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Nabilone
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cannabinoid used to treat chemo-induced nausea and vomiting
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Dronabinol
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cannabinoid used to treat chemo-induced nausea and vomiting
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Scopolamine
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M antagonist. Used to treat motion sickness
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Guanethidine
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NE release inhibitor at the post gang sympathetic terminals. Lowers BP. SE = orthstatic hypotension, sexual dysfxn
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Methyldopa
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adrenergic inhibiting drug. Good for preecampsia (last tri of gestation). Converted to alphaNE, replaces NE in vesicles and is an agonist of the alpha2-R at the NTS
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Prazosin
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alpha1 antagonist. Acts by decreasing PVR to lower BP. SE = orthostatic htn, sexual dysfxn. Used to tx pheochromocytoma
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Hydralazine
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direct vasodilator of smooth muscle and activates K+ channels. Treats HTN. Not effective long term. Causes hyperpolarization whichclosesthe voltage gated Ca channels.
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Minoxidil
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direct vasodilator of smooth muscle and activates K+ channels. Treats HTN. Not effective long term. Causes hyperpolarization whichclosesthe voltage gated Ca channels.
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