Exam 2 Cell Motility

Front 1

cytoskeleton generates force by what 2 mechanisms?

what type of migration is a combo of both of these mechanisms?

Back 1

-assembly/disassembly of cytoskeletal polymers
-cytoskeletal motor proteins

-whole cell migration

Front 2

at which domain does the motor protein attach to the cargo?

Back 2

tail domain

Front 3

the force is in the (same/different) direction to the movement of the motor protein itself

Back 3

different

Front 4

movement of motor proteins is ...

Back 4

unidirectional

Front 5

3 major families of motor proteins
-...-plus-end directed motors
-...-plus-end directed motors
-...-minus end directed motors

Back 5

myosins
kinesins
dyneins

Front 6

which 2 families of motor proteins oppose each other?

Back 6

Kinesins and dyneins

Front 7

myosin is involved with ... filament-based motility

Back 7

actin

Front 8

kinesins and dyneins are involved with ...-based motility

Back 8

microtubule

Front 9

do motor proteins bind to intermediate filaments?

Back 9

NO

Front 10

which type of myosin is this?
-1 head and 1 short tail
-moves in plus end direction
-collaboration among multiple myosin heads to move membranes
-participates in endocytosis
-found in microvilli

Back 10

myosin I

Front 11

what type of myosin is this?
-muscle myosins and cytoplasmic myosins
-2 heads and coiled-coil tail
-arrangement of tails into bipolar filaments that generates an opposite polarized action (muscle contraction, cytokinesis, cell crawling)

Back 11

myosin II

Front 12

what type of microtubule-based motility plays a main role in organelle transport and mitotic separation?
-steps towards positive end

Back 12

kinesin

Front 13

what type of microtubule-based motility carts organelles towards the negative direction?

-the ... or motor domain has sites for ATP hydrolysis and cytoskeletal polymer binding

-involved in retrograde transport of ER vesicles to golgi

-necessary to move chromosomes towards mitotic spindle

Back 13

dynein

head

Front 14

... is the cyclic attachment/detachment coupled to ATP hydrolysis and conformational change

-Both heads start with ADP. once head in front binds to microtubule, it releases ADP and ATP binds in its place. This creates a swinging around of the back head towards the plus end. Then that head binds to the microtubule, releases its ADP while the back head hydrolyzes ATP to ADP, and the process continues!

Back 14

kinesin walking

Front 15

whole cell movement (crawling) is actin filament-myosin based motility or microtubule-motor protein based motility?

Back 15

actin filament-myosin based motility

Front 16

ciliary and flagellar motility and cytoplasmic membranous organelles are actin filament-myosin based motility or microtubule-motor protein based motility?

Back 16

microtubule-motor protein based motility

Front 17

name which type(s) of intracellular motility each one has:
-intracellular transport
-positioning of organelles (homeostasis is the 1 exception)

Back 17

-microtubule-based and actin filament-based
-microtubule-based

Front 18

what type of movement of membrane-bound particles goes towards the periphery of a cell (away from cell center?

Back 18

anterograde-movement

Front 19

what type of movement of membrane bound particles goes towards the center of the cell?

Back 19

retrograde movement

Front 20

kinesin molecules transport cargo via ... transport (towards positive end)

Back 20

anterograde

Front 21

dynein molecules transport cargo via ... transport (towards negative end)

Back 21

retrograde

Front 22

the plus end of the microtubules are towards the cell body or axon terminal?

Back 22

axon terminal

Front 23

the minus end of the microtubules are towards the cell body or axon terminal?

Back 23

cell bodies

Front 24

kinesin is bound to the ... and pulls to the periphery of cell (plus direction)

Back 24

ER

Front 25

dynein binds to membrane of ... and pulls to the center of the cell (minus direction)

Back 25

golgi apparatus

Front 26

Cell motility
-cilia and flagella are ... based
-whole cell movement (crawling) is ... based

Back 26

microtubule
actin filament

Front 27

these are functions of what 2 things?
-move cells through liquid medium (swimming)
-move fluid, mucus or cells along surface of ciliated epithelium

Back 27

flagella
cilia

Front 28

Axoneme
-... are necessary for assembly of axoneme
-arranged in '...' array
-... generates the sliding force

Back 28

basal bodies
9+2
dynein

Front 29

if adjacent microtubules were linked, as is the case in the axoneme (in flagellum), the linking proteins would convert the usual sliding motion into a ... motion

Back 29

bending

Front 30

Kartagener's syndrome (alson known as immobile cilia syndrome) is one of a larger group of disorders known as ...
-defect in the inner dynein arms of the axoneme
-clinical manifestations: innefective mucocilliary clearance and immotile spermatozoa

Back 30

primary ciliary diskinesia (PCDs)

Front 31

when cells move towards a positive signal, it's called ...

Back 31

chemotaxis

Front 32

Whole cell movement steps (crawling):
-extension of leading edge is driven by ...
-adherence to underlying substrate occurs due to adhesion molecules called ... (bridge)
-contraction of the rear (tail end of cell)

Back 32

actin polymerization
integrins

Front 33

the leading edge moves in a ... movement

Back 33

unidirectional