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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trial & Error
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A problem-Solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and elimintiog those
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Algorithm
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"involves following a specific rule, procedure, or method that inevitably produces the correct soluton
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Heuristic
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Following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number of possible solutions
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Insight
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The sudden realization of how a problem can be solved
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Intuition
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coming to a conclusion or making a judgement without conscious awareness of the thought processes involved
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Availability Heuristic
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A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how readily available other instances of the event are in memory
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Representativeness Heuristic
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A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated y comparing how similar it is to the prototype of the event
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Animal Cognition
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The study of animal learning, memory, thinking, and language; also called comparative cognition
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Intelligence
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The global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully and deal effectively with the environment
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Mental Age
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A measurement of intelligence in which an individual's mental level is expressed in terms of the average abilities of a given age group
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Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
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A measure of general intelligence derrived by comparing an individual's score with the scores of others in the same age group
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David Wechsler
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Intelligence involved a variety of mental abilities. IQ scores influenced by personality, motivation, and cultural factors
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Achievement Test
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A test designed to measure a person's level of knowledge, skill, or acoomplishment in a particular area
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Aptitude Test
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A test designed to assess a person's capacity to benefit from education or training
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Standardiztion
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The administration of a test to a large, representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establising norms
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Normal Cuve or normal distribution
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A bell-shaped distribution of individual differences in a normal population in which most scores cluster around the average score
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Reliability
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The Ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions
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Validity
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The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
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Charles Spearman
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"G Factor" General Intelligence=Mental Energy
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Louis L Thurstone
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Intelligence=too diverse to be quantifie in a single number of IQ
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Linguistic Intelligence
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Adept use of language:poet
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Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
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Logical, mathematical and scientific ability
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Musical intelligence
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ability to create synthesize or perform music
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Spatial Intelligence
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Ability to mentally visualize the relationships of objects or movements
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Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence
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Control of bodily motions and capacity to handle objects
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Interpersonal Intelligence
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Understanding of other people's emotions, motives, intentions
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Intrapersonal Intelligence
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Understanding of one's own emotions , motives and intentions
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Naturalist Intelligence
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Ability to discern patterns in nature
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Howard Gardner
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Many abilities not measured by traditional intelligence
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Autism
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Behavioral syndrome associated with differences in brain funcitoning and sensory responces, and which is characterized by impaired social interaction, impaired verbal and non verbal communicayiton skills, repetitive or odd motor behaviors, and highly restricted interests and routines
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Asperger's syndrome
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normal to above average intelligence difficulty in social and conversational skills
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Mental Retardation
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IQ of 70 below
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Stereotype Threat
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fear about sterotype which creates fear and self doubt
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Temperament
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inborn predispositions to consistently behave and react in a certain way
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Mary D Salter Ainsworth
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Strange situation
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Jean Piaget
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Swiss Psycologist, viewed child as little scientist
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Senorimotoor stage
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first stage in cognitive development, from birth to age 2
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object permanence
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understanding that an object continues to exist even when it can't be seen
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preoperational stage
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in piaget's theory second stage of development 2-7
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symbolic thought
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the ability to use words, images, and symbols to represent the world
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egocentrism
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the inability to take another person's perspectie or point of view
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irreversibility
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inability to take another person's perspective or point of view
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centration
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tendency to focus or center on only one aspect of the situation and ignore the others
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conservation
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understanding that two equal quantities remain equal even though the form or appearance is rearranged, as long as nothing is added or subtracted
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