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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ecliptic |
The plane of the earths orbit around the sun |
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Solar Eclipse |
When the shadow of the Moon hits the earth, occurs exactly at new phase |
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Lunar Eclipse |
When the shadow of the earth hits the moon, occurs exactly at full phase |
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Aphelion |
Point in objects orbit around the sun that is furthest from the sun |
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Perihelion |
Point in objects orbit around the sun that is closest to the sun |
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Retrograde motion |
When a solar system o jecr moves backwards with respect to its normal eastward drift against the stars. It happens when the earth is closest to the object |
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Parallax |
An apparent shifting of an o jects position resulting from observing the object from two different vantage points.Stellar parrallaxes are seen when we view nearby stars from opposite sides of the Earths orbit. |
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Ellipse |
Squashed circle that tapers at both ends.The total of the distance between any point on the ellipse and one focus plus the distance from the point to the other focus equals constant. It is the shape of bound orbits |
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Kepler's 1st Law |
orbits are ellipses with the central object at one focus, not the center! There is nothing at the other focus |
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Kepler's 2nd Law |
A line between a satellite and a massive body sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of tine. The satellite moves faster when close to the massive body and moves slower when far from the massive body |
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Kepler's 3rd Law |
For an object in an elliptical orbit around a massive e body the sqaure of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the average distance of the orbiting object from the massive body. The massive bodys mass is proportional to the (average distance) cubed divided by (orbital period)Squared. |
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Newton's 3rd law of motion |
For every action force on an object. There is an equal but opposite force by the object |
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Gravity |
A fundamental force of nature between two objects that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the sqaure of the distance between their respective centers. It depends on nothing else |
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Mass |
An intrinsic property of am object that measures its resistance to an acceleration. Measured in units of kilograms |
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Weight |
The force of gravity felt by an object.measured in units of Newton's. It depends on the strength of the surrounding gravity field. |
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Angular Size |
How big something appears to you: the angle between two lines of sight along each side of an object. An objects actual linear diameter can be found from the angualar size if the distance is already known. The linear diameter equals (2pie divided by 360 degrees) times(its distance times angular size in degrees). |
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Escape velocity |
The initial velocity needed to escape a massive bodys gravitational Influence and never return |
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Spring Tide |
Extreme Tide that occurs when the moons tidal effect is aligned with the suns tidal effect. Occurs at New and Full phase. |
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Electromagnetic radiation |
A form of energy made of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. It is a fancy word for light. Includes( in order of increasing g energy) Radio, Infared,Visible light(optical) ultra violet, X-rays, and gamma rays |
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Wave length |
The distance between two crest or two troughs of a wave |
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Frequency |
The number of wave cresr that pass a point every second.measured in Hertz. For electromagnetic radiation, the frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength. |
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Temperature |
A measure of the random motion energy ( the average kinetic energy) of a group of particles in a gas, liquid or solid. The temperature is higher if the particles are moving faster. |
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Kinetic energy |
The energy something has because of its motion equals half times mass timez velocity sqaured |
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Spectrum |
Display of the intensity of light at different wavelengths or frequencies |
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Continuous spectrum |
Also alled a thermal spectrum, a spectrum that has energy at all wave lengths. Produced by solids, liquids,and dense high pressure gases. |
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Emission lines |
Bright lines in a spectrum that are produced by hot, think low pressure gases. Made by electrons jumping down closer to the nucleus. |
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Absorption lines |
Dark lines in a continuous spectrum that are produced by cool, think low pressure gases, made by electrons jumping up farther from the nucleus. |
