Astronomy 1002 - Exam #2

Front 1

Name the planets in order.

Back 1

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Front 2

Characteristics of Terrestrial Planets.

Back 2

-Composed of mostly rock.
-Very few moons
-Atmosphere of mainly carbon dioxide and nitrogen
-Relatively small.
-Closer to Sun
-Few moons
-Less dense core.

Front 3

Characteristics of Jovian Planets.

Back 3

-Farther from Sun.
-Relatively large
-Atmosphere of mostly hydrogen and Helium.
-Many Moons
-Very dense core.
-Composition gaseous

Front 4

Color of Mars

Back 4

Red-Orange

Front 5

Color of Neptune

Back 5

Light Blue

Front 6

Differences between Pluto and true planets.

Back 6

Orbit must clear asteroids, Pluto does not.

Front 7

Characteristics of Belts

Back 7

-Dark
-Low Pressure
-Cold Sinking Air
-Lower Altitude

Front 8

Characteristics of Zones

Back 8

-Light
-High Pressure
-Hot Rising Air
-Higher Altitude

Front 9

Location and Composition of Asteroids

Back 9

-Rocky structure left over from the formation of terrestial planets
-Inside the orbit of Jupiter

Front 10

Location and Composition of Trans-Neptunian Objects

Back 10

-Small icy body left over from the formation of the jovian planets.
-Outside the orbit of neptune

Front 11

Synchronous Rotation

Back 11

The rotation of a body with a period equal to its orbital period

Front 12

Density

Back 12

The mass of an object divided by its volume.

Front 13

Aurora

Back 13

Light radiated by atoms and ions in Earth’s upper atmosphere, mostly in the polar regions.

Front 14

Greenhouse effect

Back 14

The trapping of infrared radiation near a planet’s surface by the planet’s atmosphere.

Front 15

Ozone Layer

Back 15

A layer in Earth’s upper atmosphere where the concentration of ozone is high enough to prevent much ultraviolet light from reaching the surface.

Front 16

Meteoroid

Back 16

A small object broken off of a comet or asteroid that orbits the sun

Front 17

Asteroid

Back 17

Small rocky planet-like object that orbits the sun

Front 18

Comet Nucleus

Back 18

Small object comprised of ice and dirt that has gas tails when close to the sun and indistinguishable from asteroids when far from the sun.

Front 19

Dwarf Planet

Back 19

A planet that doesn't meet the criteria of planet. They are larger than asteroids but smaller than planets.

Front 20

True planet

Back 20

-is in orbit around the Sun
-has sufficient mass to have a nearly round shape
- must have"cleared the neighbourhood" around its orbit.

Front 21

List the Terrestrial planets

Back 21

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

Front 22

List the Jovian planets

Back 22

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Front 23

Revolve

Back 23

-Revolve usually means "orbit around another body".

Front 24

Rotate

Back 24

-Rotate usually means "to spin on its axis".

Front 25

Planets without moons

Back 25

Mercury and Venus

Front 26

Planets with Moons

Back 26

Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Front 27

Scarps

Back 27

A line of cliffs produced by faulting or erosion.

Front 28

Lunar Maria

Back 28

Large, dark, basaltic plains on Earth's Moon, formed by ancient volcanic eruptions. Lower. few craters

Front 29

Lunar Highlands

Back 29

high plains on the moon brighter color heavily cratered

Front 30

Lunar age

Back 30

4.527 billion years

Front 31

Similarities of mercury and the moon.

Back 31

-They both have appearances dominated by crater impacts.
-Neither one has a significant atmosphere.
-Both of them cool quickly when they are turned away from the sun (at local nighttime).
-They are of similar sizes.

Front 32

Differences of mercury and the moon.

Back 32

-Mercury shows evidence of tectonic activity (the scarps), which the Moon does not.
-Mercury is also much, much hotter than the Moon on average.
-Mercury's surface gravity and rotation period are roughly twice those of the Moon.
-Mercury contains a high metal composition, making it much more dense than the Moon.
-The remains of lava flows on Mercury look different from similar flows on the Moon (which are known as maria).

Front 33

Similarities of venus and the mars.

Back 33

-both have a core which made of metal and they belong to the inferior planets of our solar system.
-They are also rocky planet like our earth.
-Both atmospheres are about 95 percent carbon dioxide.

Front 34

Differences of venus and the mars.

Back 34

-VENUS IS VERY HOT AND MARS IS COLD
-VENUS IS LARGE LIKE EARTH AND MARS IS SMALL
-VENUS IS CLOSER TO THE SUN

Front 35

Meteoroid

Back 35

A small rock or particle of debris in our solar system. They range in size from dust to around 10 meters in diameter (larger objects are usually referred to as asteroids).

Front 36

Meteorite

Back 36

A meteoroid that survives falling through the Earth’s atmosphere and colliding with the Earth’s surface.

Front 37

Meteor

Back 37

A meteoroid that burns up as it passes through the Earth’s atmosphere.

Front 38

Tectonic Motion

Back 38

The motions of large segments (plates) of Earth’s surface over the underlying mantle.

Front 39

Inner/Outer core

Back 39

a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core.

Front 40

Mantle

Back 40

That portion of a terrestrial planet located between its crust and core.

Front 41

Crust

Back 41

The surface layer of a terrestrial planet.

Front 42

Sea-floor spreading

Back 42

The separation of plates under the ocean due to lava emerging in an oceanic rift.

Front 43

Subduction

Back 43

When colliding tectonic plates cause Earth’s crust to be pulled down into the mantle.

Front 44

Chemical Differentiation

Back 44

The process by which the heavier elements in a planet sink toward its center while lighter elements rise toward its surface

Front 45

Hot spot volcano

Back 45

volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the mantle elsewhere. They may be unanimously hot, and provide a great deal of molten magma

Front 46

Earthquake

Back 46

A sudden vibratory motion of Earth’s surface.

Front 47

Tectonic Plates

Back 47

A large section of Earth’s lithosphere that moves as a single unit.

Front 48

Converge

Back 48

To come together from different directions

Front 49

Diverge

Back 49

To go or extend in different directions from a common point.

Front 50

Extrasolar planet

Back 50

A planet orbiting a star other than the Sun.

Front 51

Radial Velocity Method

Back 51

A technique used to detect extrasolar planets by observing Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet’s star.

Front 52

Transit Method

Back 52

A technique used to detect extrasolar planets by measuring the transit of a planet over the face of the planets star.

Front 53

Astrometric Method

Back 53

A technique used to detect extrasolar planets by precisely measuring a star's position in the sky and observing how that position changes over time.

Front 54

heavier elements

Back 54

Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, nickel, and sulfur.

Front 55

Lighter Elements

Back 55

hydrogen and helium.

Front 56

Nitrogen

Back 56

N₂

Front 57

Oxygen

Back 57

O₂

Front 58

Carbon Dioxide

Back 58

CO₂

Front 59

Composition of Venus's Atmosphere

Back 59

It has a thick atmosphere made of 96% carbon dioxide (CO₂), 3.5% nitrogen (N₂), and 0.5% other gases. It's ever-present clouds are made of sulfuric acid droplets.

Front 60

Composition of Mars Atmosphere

Back 60

It has a thin atmosphere (just 1/100th of the Earth's) that does not trap much heat at all even though it is 95% carbon dioxide (CO₂). The other 3% is nitrogen (N₂).

Front 61

Composition of Earth's Atmosphere

Back 61

It has a moderately-thick atmosphere that is 78% nitrogen (N₂) and 21% oxygen (O₂).