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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A 35-year-old woman presents with arterial blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min. Oxygen consumption is 250 ml/min with CaO2 = 20 ml/dl and CvO2 = 15 ml/dl.
What is her approximate cardiac output in L/min? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. 6 |
D. 5
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A 35-year-old woman presents with arterial blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min. Oxygen consumption is 250 ml/min with CaO2 = 20 ml/dl and CvO2 = 15 ml/dl.
What is her approximate TPR in mmHg/L/min? A. 2 mmHg/L/min B. 5 mmHg/L/min C. 10 mmHg/L/min D. 15 mmHg/L/min E. 25 mmHg/L/min |
C. 10 mmHg/L/min
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A 35-year-old woman presents with arterial blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min. Oxygen consumption is 250 ml/min with CaO2 = 20 ml/dl and CvO2 = 15 ml/dl.
What condition is most likely to be responsible for the low blood pressure in this patient? a. muscarinic antagonist b. parasympathetic-mediated vasodilation c. negative-inotropic drug d. sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction e. vasodilator action of a drug |
e. vasodilator action of a drug
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what 2 factors influence pressures and return of blood to the heart?
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compliance
capacitance |
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which vessels/microvessels have the lowest compliance and capacitance and the highest resistance of all the vessels?
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capillaries
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Where is the major site of regulation of systemic vascular resistance?
do they have a low or high capacitance? |
arterioles
very low |
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where does regulation of capacitance occur mainly?
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veins
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The hydraulic filter
Compliant systems ... blood during cardiac ejection |
store
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The hydraulic filter:
The storage charachteristic reduces the ... during systole but does not change ... |
peak pressure
mean pressure |
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The hydraulic filter:
The ability of the large vessels to store blood ... the peak pressure during systole, but it doesn’t change the ... pressure. You can change the pulse pressure without changing the average. If the mean pressure doesn’t change, but peak pressure goes up, you must have a decrease of the ... pressure. |
reduces
average (mean) diastolic |
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Compliance (C) is the relationship between the change in ... of a vessel (DV) caused by a change (DP) in the ... across its wall (the transmural pressure).
C = DV / DP ... compliance means that a vessel stretches easily to accept volume, so it requires little pressure input to increase its volume. It is the inverse of elasticity. High elasticity means if you pump some volume into it, the pressure gets really ... |
volume
pressure High high |
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Rigid arteries:
... arterial pulse pressure ... flow with rigid arteries, blood flows only during ... and not during ... |
extremely high
very pulsitile systole diastole |
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Compliance does not affect ...; that is determined by the ...; for the vascular system that is the total peripheral resistance.
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mean pressure
resistance |
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Remember that the mean arterial pressure is determined by ... and ..., but that compliance influences peak ... and ... pressures, and therefore stroke work.
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cardiac output
total peripheral resistance systolic and diastolic |
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low compliance ... pulse pressure
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increases
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Pulse pressure is determined by ... and ....
Mean pressure is determined by ... and ... High pulse pressure means ... systolic, and ... diastolic. |
compliance and stroke volume
cardiac output and resistance high low |
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If compliance decreases, but TPR and stroke volume do not change, then the mean arterial pressure ..., but the pulse pressure is ...
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is unchanged
higher |
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Low compliance by itself, will ... the pulse pressure, but not change the mean. The only way this is done is if you have increased systolic pressure, but ... diastolic pressure.
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raise
decreased |
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2 ways to get a high pulse pressure with a normal cardiac output:
1. ... compliance 2. ... SV with a ... HR |
Low
High low |
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Hypertension usually exhibits ... TPR with ... compliance
-leads to higher MAP and pulse pressure |
increased
decreased |
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If TPR stays the same and compliance decreases, MAP will ... while pulse pressure ...
If compliance stays the same while TPR increases, pulse pressure ... while MAP ... If TPR increases at the same time that compliance decreases, MAP will ... and PP will ... |
stay the same
increases stays the same increases increase increase |
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venous return is determined by ...
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pressure gradient
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Pulmonary is ... resistance, ... compliance circuit
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low
high |
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Which data would exclude (eliminate) left heart failure of contractility as a contributing factor in a patient with reduced cardiac output?
1. decreased mean arterial pressure 2. decreased total peripheral resistance 3. decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 4. jugular venous distension 5. normal arterial-venous oxygen gradient 6. normal central venous pressure |
3. decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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Initial heart rate in a normal subject was 70 beats/min. Increased activity of parasympathetic neurons to the heart will cause –
1. decreased end systolic left ventricular volume. 2. decreased P-R interval on the ECG. 3. decreased QRS duration on the electrocardiogram. 4. increased cardiac output. 5. increased left ventricular dp/dt. 6. increased R-R interval on the electrocardiogram. |
6. increased R-R interval on the electrocardiogram.
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A 31-year-old factory worker with no significant history of cardiovascular disease has been exposed to a chemical spill. She presents with pulse of 120 beats/min; arterial pressure is 70/60 mmHg. Her skin is flushed. Cardiac output apparently is normal or elevated. What arterial hemodynamic factors most likely have been altered?
1. increased compliance, decreased TPR 2. increased compliance, increased TPR 3. increased compliance, normal TPR 4. decreased compliance, decreased TPR 5. decreased compliance, increased TPR |
1. increased compliance, decreased TPR
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