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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diabetes Mellitus:
-Heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes -... matter if it is insulin dependent -... is most common cause of death in diabetics -Diabetics have higher prevalence of CHD, greater ischemia, and better chance of an MI - In a diabetic, the size of infarction is ... and complications after an MI are more prevalent -In diabetics, the extent of CV disease is more extensive -Diabetics have a higher incidence of asymptomatic CHD as well as silent ischemia or silent MI |
Does not
CAD larger |
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The risk factors for CAD in diabetics are the same as for the general population
-Hypertension -Couch potato -Hyperlipidemia -Obesity -Smoking The difference is that diabetics have an ... possibility of developing heart disease with the risk factors |
increased
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Obesity:
-All the problems that are associated with obesity contribute to an increase in CAD -... contributes to an increase in morbidity and mortality of CAD -Other risk factors for CAD are multiplied in the obese patient -The only good method of treatment is ... |
Morbid obesity
weight loss |
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Thyroid and the Heart:
Thyroid hormone regulates vascular ... and ... along with the body’s metabolism Thyroid disease may present with only ... signs Either over or under production of thyroid hormone disrupts normal metabolic function |
tone and contractility
cardiovascular |
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Hyperthyroidism:
-Patients complain of palpitations, dyspnea, and ... chest pain -Other cardiac signs are ... hypertension and fatigue -An increased incidence of ... valve prolapse has been documented in hyperthyroidism -Cardiac arrhythmias are common, especially PAT and atrial fibrillation -A higher risk of arterial ... occurs in patients with atrial fribrillation due to hyperthyroidism |
atypical
systolic mitral thromboembolism |
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Elderly and Hyperthyroidism:
Often present with CV symptoms of ... (poison to thyroid) These may be sinus tachycardia (constant), atrial fibrillation, and hypertension Must control the ... before attacking the ... symptoms |
thyrotoxicosis
hyperthyroidism cardiac |
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Hypothyroidism:
-CV findings are the opposite of hyper -Must be present for several months before CV manifestations occur -There is a ... in cardiac output stroke volume, heart rate, BP, and pulse pressure -The heart actually can be thought of as more efficient in hypothyroid patient -However, as hypothyroidism worsens, ... and pericardial ... become prominent |
reduction
CHF effusions |
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Rheumatoid arthritis:
-May be associated with ... changes in cardiac structures -Clinically apparent rheumatoid heart disease occurs in ... of patients -Rheumatoid ... is uncomplicated and is evidenced by pleuritic pain and atrial fibrillation &/or flutter -Rheumatoid ... heart disease is produced by a nonspecific inflammatory process, vasculitis, or granuloma on valve |
inflammatory
one third pericarditis valvular |
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Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid ... symptoms are fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, and chest pain These are similar to other forms of myocarditis Rheumatoid ... is usually asymptomatic and most common is coronary atherosclerosis; second is coronary arteritis Treatment for the majority of rheumatoid arthritis coronary problems is ... therapy |
myocarditis
CAD steroid |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosis:
-A large number of SLE patients have cardiac involvement -... heart disease is the clinically most important and frequent -Valve ... are pathognomonic of SLE associated valve diseases; ... endocarditis -... is common, but is mostly benign -... parallels the activity of the disease but seldom results in heart failure |
Valvular
masses Libman-Sacks Pericarditis Myocarditis |
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Malnutrition and vitamin deficiency:
-Heart affected in patients who lack protein, calories, or both -In ... world countries this is common -In ... countries, it happens in AIDS, anorexia nervosa and malabsorption patients -Deficiencies can be thiamine, vitamin B6, B12, or folate -... deficiency limited to alcoholics, food faddists, and chemotherapy patients |
third
developed Thiamine |
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Malignant carcinoid:
-Tumors originate in ... -These lesions are ... plaques -They occur on the cardiac ... causing dysfunction -Presents as tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, or both |
small bowel
fibrous valves |
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Acromegaly:
-Heart is exposed to excessive ... -Can cause ..., which occurs in about a third of patients -... the risk of cardiac death |
growth hormone
congestive heart failure Doubles |
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Pheochromocytoma:
-Can cause ... myocardial injury -Contributes to significant ... ventricular hypertrophy -If the adrenal tumor is successfully removed, the ... problems will resolve |
direct
left cardiac |
