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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common congenital heart lesion?
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Ventricular septal defect
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Atrial septal defect:
1.) TYPES: A. ... - most common B. sinus venosus - high in atrial C. ... - adjacent to AV valves 2.) female > male 3.) Lt to Rt shunt, unless pulmonary HTN has gotten so high, that it reverses the shunt (at this point, it’s too late. pt. is inoperable) 4.) asymptomatic – most are found on incidental echoes 5.) atrial arrhythmias |
secundum (basal)
primum |
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If a fixed split S2 heart sound is heart (the split stays the same in both inspiration and expiration), think ...
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ASD
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ASD exam:
1.) prominent ... ventricular impulse 2.) *... in relation to respiration 3.) may have ... pulmonary ejection murmur 4.) pulmonary vascular resistance ... 5.) ... right ventricular diastolic volume 6.) ... murmur - left upper sternal border (direction of the flow) |
right
fixed split S2 midsystolic increase increased systolic |
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look at slide 7
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ok
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ASD:
EKG: 1.) ... axis deviation 2.) RSR in precordial leads 3.) may have 1° AV block 4.) RVH TREATMENT: SURGERY BUTTON PLACEMENT |
Rt
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what portion of the septum is the most common location for a VSD?
What kind of murmur would you hear and where? |
membranous portion
a loud harsh, systolic murmur in the lower left sternal border |
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signs of VSDs:
1.) exertional dyspnea 2.) chest pain 3.) syncope 4.) hemoptysis 5.)... – once it becomes a right to left shut (late in course) 6.) clubbing |
cyanosis
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VSD:
PROGNOSIS: -determine by stage (degree) of ... vascular resistance -size of defect TREATMENT: - close spontaneously - surgery - antibotic ... for dental (or any surgical) procedures |
pulmonary
prophylaxsis |
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...:
-- seen often in premature babies -- associated with rubella infection -- female > male 2:1 -- vessel leading from the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery to the aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery -- closes immediately after birth -- thrill -- machinery murmur Tx: surgical ligation spontaneous closure indocin (I.U.) is also tried in premature infants |
Patent ductus arteriosus
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...:
-- occurs mainly distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery -- occurs 7% of patients with congenital heart disease -- may occur anywhere in aorta -- 2X more in males -- found sometimes in males with gonadal dysgenesis -- associated with bicuspid aortic valve -- * aneurysmal arterial dilatation of ... Must do a ... imaging study to make sure there is no ... aneurism. It is a type of hypertension that we can treat. Usually associated with other disease processes. Increased risk of ICbleeds, HTN, gonadal dysgenesis. |
Coarctation of the aorta
circle of willis brain berry |
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Coarctation of the aorta:
-- ... afterload -- hypertension in ... extremities -- absence / delayed pulses in the ... arteries -- midsystolic murmur anterior left, back and spinous area -- EKG / LVH Dx: angiogram echo with suprasternal window Tx: surgery / balloon dilatation |
increases
upper femoral |
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What are the 4 components to tetralogy of fallot?
-- cyanosis -- hypoxemia -- erythrocytosis (hyperviscosity syndrome) -- boot shape heart on x-ray -- decreased pulmonary vascular marking on CXR |
1) VSD
2) obstruction of right ventricular outflow (pulmonary stenosis) 3) aortic override 4) RVH |
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Tetralogy of Fallot:
There is a powerful muscular mass obstructing the right ventricular outflow tract. ... of the pulmonary artery is noted too. In case of extreme reduction of the pulmonary circulation, a predominant ... to ... ventricular shunt will necessarily develop. |
hypoplasia
right to left |
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What is it called when some type of congenital heart disease has progressed to the point where the patient has pulmonary hypertension?
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Eisenmenger syndrome
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EISENMENGER SYNDROME
some type of congenital heart disease plus pulmonary hypertension Rt to Lt shunt. ... contraindicated Must be able to warn mothers about this. Congenital heart disease has progressed to the point where they have pulmonary hypertension. ... is often fatal and is contraindicated in these patients. |
pregnancy
Pregnancy |
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... syndrome:
-MVP -mitral or aortic valve defect (usually malformed bicuspid) -AR -dissection of aorta (often present with this – fatal) |
Marfan’s
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...:
-displacement of the tricuspid valve into Rt ventricle -Rt ventricle is often hypoplastic |
EBSTEIN’S ANOMALY
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