Exam 1 Phlebotomy Course

Front 1

Describe the different functions of the circulatory system .

Back 1

The circulatory system transports oxygenated blood throughout the body and picks up metabolic waste and disposes.

Front 2

Discuss the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation.

Back 2

Pulmonary circulation Carrie’s blood between the heart and lungs for gas exchange.

Systemic circulation Carrie’s blood between the heart and the rest of the body tissues.

Front 3

Explain the functional difference between veins and arteries

Back 3

Arteries carry blood from the heart to capillary beds to exchange, veins return the blood back to the heart.

Front 4

What supplies oxygen to the heart ?

Back 4

Coronary arteries located in the epicardium.

Front 5

What divides the right atrium and the left atrium ?

Back 5

The inter-ventricular septum

Front 6

Name the four valves of the heart.

Back 6

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonic Valve

Bicuspid valve/Mitral Valve

Aortic Valve

Front 7

What is the contraction of the heart called ?

Back 7

Systole

Front 8

What is relaxation of the heart called ?

Back 8

Diastole

Front 9

Name three layers surrounding the lumen of veins and arteries

Back 9

The tunica externa/adventitia

the tunica media,

the tunica intima

Front 10

The yellow liquid portion of blood containing fibrinogen is known as

Back 10

Plasma

Front 11

The formed elements constitute _______ % of blood volume

Back 11

55

Front 12

What is the role of phagocyte

Back 12

First white blood cell on the scene to defend / fight bacteria

Front 13

What is the largest White blood cell

Back 13

Monocytes

Front 14

Which type of lymphocytes produces antibodies ?

Back 14

B cells or b lymphocytes

Front 15

Describe the two pathways in the coagulation cascade

Back 15

The intrinsic pathway which is activated through exposed endothelial collagen.

The extrinsic pathway is activated through tissue factor released by endothelial cells after external damage.

Front 16

Define and give an example of autoimmunity

Back 16

Autoimmunity is wen the immune system attacks the body’s own tissue.

Ex: rheumatoid arthritis

Front 17

Describe lymph organs and the functions.

Back 17

Spleen: worn out blood cells red blood cells are recycled by macrophages and blood is examined by resident B and T cells.

tonsils: screen the lymph fluid for signs of infection

thymus: involved in maturation of the immune system during development and early life.

Front 18

Give one lymphatic system disorder and explain its process.

Back 18

Lymphedema is an accumulation of forming fluid in tissues as a result of blocked lymphatic vessel.

Ex: elephantiasis , mosquito parasite that colonized the lymphatic vessels.

Front 19

What is stage 1 coagulation process

Back 19

Stage 1: the vascular phase ( the vessel constricting to prevent major blood loss )

Front 20

What is stage 2 of the coagulation process

Back 20

The platelet phase ( forming a platelet plug formation ) making it gooey

Front 21

What is stage 3 coagulation phase ?

Back 21

Coagulation phase ( fibrinogen is converted into fibrin ) makes the wound hard .

Front 22

What is stage 4 of the coagulation process

Back 22

Firbrinolysis : the breakdown of firbrin clot.

Front 23

In the circulatory system gas, exchange occurs in the ___

Back 23

Capillaries

Front 24

Which blood vessel are single cell in thickness ?

Back 24

Capillaries

Front 25

Veins and arteries are composed of how many layers ?

Back 25

3

Front 26

A characteristic of arteries is ?

Back 26

They have a thick muscle layer lining the lumen.

Front 27

An average adult has ___ L of blood

Back 27

5-6 L

Front 28

Plasma constitutes _____ % of total blood

Back 28

55

Front 29

Another name for WBC ?

Back 29

Leukocyte

Front 30

The main function of leukocytes is ?

Back 30

To protect the body against infection .

Front 31

Which leukocytes is known as a phagocyte

Back 31

Neutrophil

Front 32

Platelets remain in circulation for how many days ?

Back 32

9 -12 days

Front 33

Which cellular component is responsible for the transport of hemoglobin

Back 33

Red blood Cells

Front 34

Which organ is not included in the lymphatic system

Back 34

Liver

Front 35

Helper T cells are needed to make ?

Back 35

Antibodies

Front 36

What is the purpose of a tourniquet ?

Back 36

To create Venus resistance to locate the vein.

Front 37

What does the gauge of a needle indicate ?

Back 37

It indicates the diameter of needles lumen.

Front 38

What is the consequence of using a needle with a large gauge number ?

Back 38

Blood collection is slower and blood cells can be destroyed.

Front 39

What is the purpose of a rubber sleeve on the multi sample needle.

Back 39

The sleeve keeps blood from leaking onto the adapter while changing tubes.

Front 40

Explain the advantage and disadvantage of the syringe method of drawing blood as opposed to the evacuated system

Back 40

Advantage is it’s useful for patients with fragile or small veins , the syringe provides a controlled gentle vacuum for fragile veins.

Disadvantage is a safety transfer device must be used with the syringe needle when drawing.

The evacuation system uses rubber stoppers minimisizing the chance of aerosol spray and are more durable.

Front 41

What does Blood tubes are evacuated mean ?

Back 41

A vacuum is created within the tube so that a measured amount of blood will flow in easily

Front 42

Why must unused blood tubes be discarded when they expire ?

Back 42

Once the they reach expiration date the rubber stoppers can become cracked and broken and the vacuum seal won’t draw the amount of blood needed to fill the tube.

Front 43

Define SPS and what is it used for

Back 43

Sodium polyanetholesulfonate an additive that prevents blood from clotting.

Front 44

If a collection tube contains anticoagulant, what do you do immediately after collection ?

Back 44

They need to be mixed , inverted to make sure the specimen does not clot

Front 45

What is the purpose of thixotropic gel in a collection tube ?

Back 45

Forms a barrier between blood cells, serum, plasma, to prevent contamination and easy separation.

Front 46

Define glycolysis

Back 46

The breakdown of glucose by blood cells

Front 47

Name the three types of blood specimens used for analysis

Back 47

Whole blood, plasma , serum

Front 48

What is not an anticoagulant

Back 48

Polymer gel

Front 49

The most common antiseptic used in routine venipuncture is ____

Back 49

Isopropyl alcohol 70%

Front 50

What agent antiseptic is used ?

Back 50

Bacteriostatic

Front 51

What is bacteriostatic ?

Back 51

An agent that inhibits the growth of reproduction.

Front 52

How many times can a needle be used before discarding ?

Back 52

1.

Front 53

Which of the following indicates the largest sized needle ?

Back 53

16 gauge

Front 54

Complete clotting of a blood sample in a SST ( gold or red gray) tube takes ____ minutes at room temperature?

Back 54

15 minutes

Front 55

Serum contains

Back 55

Clotting factors

Front 56

Which color coded tube does not contain any additive ?

Back 56

Red glass tube

Front 57

EDTA prevents coagulation in blood tubes by

Back 57

Binding calcium.

Front 58

Tubes with gray tops are used for ?

Back 58

Glucose tolerance test

Front 59

Tubes with green tops may contain ?

Back 59

Sodium heparin

Front 60

The smaller gauge number

Back 60

The larger the lumen diameter

Front 61

The syringe method of draw is useful because ?

Back 61

It allows for control of blood flow

It shows the appearance of blood at the hub.

Front 62

The additive sodium citrate is used in blood collection to test for ?

Back 62

Prothrombin time

Front 63

The most common gauge used for routine venipuncture is

Back 63

21

Front 64

Blood banks use ____ gauge needle to collect blood from donors for transfusions

Back 64

16-18

Front 65

What should be done after collection of Blood tube containing an anticoagulant ?

Back 65

Inverted gently and repeatedly after blood collection

Front 66

Tubes containing SPS anticoagulant are used for

Back 66

Blood culture analysis

Front 67

Blood collected in a lavender topped tubes is used for which test ?

Back 67

CBC

Front 68

Blood collected in gray topped tubes is used for which test ?

Back 68

Stat chemistry : GTT

Front 69

Blood collected in light blue tubes is used for which test ?

Back 69

Coagulation

Front 70

Different veins

Back 70

Medial cubita vein

Lateral cephalic vein

Basilic vein

Front 71

Which is the largest vessel in the antecubital fossa ?

Back 71

Medial cubita vein

Front 72

Which vein rides over fat tissue in the antecubital fossa ?

Back 72

Lateral cephalic vein

Front 73

Basilic vein is the ____ vein

Back 73

Riskiest

Front 74

What is the code of draw ?

Back 74

To prevent cross contamination between tubes.

Front 75

What is the antigemetry system

Back 75

The largest system in the body the skin .

Front 76

What is interstiuial fluid ?

Back 76

Most abundant fluid in the body

Front 77

What is the extra cellular fluid ?

Back 77

Fluid around the cell

Front 78

What will happen if the body is dehydrated? The blood vessel tank of 90% liquid drops

Back 78

When you are dehydrated 99% of the time the body is going to take from the interstiuial fluid.

Front 79

What happens in extreme cases of dehydration?

Back 79

Extracellular fluid will be stolen causing death because the cells will burst without fluid.

Front 80

What is a specimen ?

Back 80

A sample of something such as cells , blood, urine, feces

Front 81

What is a biopsy

Back 81

A particular piece of tissue or sample cell removed from ya body for examination.

Front 82

Other substitutes for antiseptics

Back 82

Povadine iodine ( limitation cannot be used on someone w/out thyroid )

Chlorohexadine glucona ( limitations cannot be used on patients 2 months or younger)

Benzoconian chlorine ( limitations must use a lot of it for it to effectively work)

Front 83

What do anticoagulants do ?

Back 83

They prevent clotting

Front 84

How do you get plasma ?

Back 84

Collecting whole blood than placing it in a tube that contains anticoagulant + centrifuging it.

Front 85

Which needle gauge is 23 and 3/4 inches long

Back 85

Butterfly

Front 86

What is a disinfectant

Back 86

Used to clean inanimate objects

Front 87

What is hemestasis

Back 87

The end result of coagulation ; the stoppage of bleeding in the human body.

Front 88

What is a mature hemoglobin? And what is the life expectancy?

Back 88

Erythrocyte ; 120 days

Front 89

What is hemestasis

Back 89

The end result of coagulation ; the stoppage of bleeding in the human body.

Front 90

What does the macrophage do ?

Back 90

Detects disposal cells

Front 91

What is a CBC ?

Back 91

A complete blood count = a leukocyte count.

Front 92

How many times does the cardiac cycle happen ?

Back 92

90,000 a day

Front 93

What is the only liquid connected tissue ?

Back 93

Blood

Front 94

What is homeostasis

Back 94

Balance of the body

Front 95

The Buffy coat is made up of ___ % WBC

Back 95

1

Front 96

T.B.V is made up of ____ red blood cell

Back 96

45%

Front 97

Pulmonary artery is the only human body that Carries ____

Back 97

Deoxygenated blood

Front 98

The pulmonary vein is the only vein that _____

Back 98

Has oxygenated blood

Front 99

The vena cava drains blood to the ____

Back 99

Right atrium

Front 100

What causes hemo concentration ?

Back 100

Leaving a tounrniquet on for greater than 60 seconds

Front 101

What is hemolysis

Back 101

When you leave the tourniquet on for greater than 90 seconds

Front 102

What is a myocardial infarction

Back 102

Happens when the heart receives inadequate blood supply from the coronary arteries.

Front 103

What is another name for heart attack ?

Back 103

Myocardial infarction

Front 104

Cardiac enzymes are located in which color topper tube ?

Back 104

Lavender topped tubes.

Front 105

Which tube contain cardiac electrolytes?

Back 105

Green topped tubes .

Front 106

How long does the preservative sodium fluoride last

Back 106

Up to 5 days

Front 107

What is responsible for the blood contractions in the heart ?

Back 107

Myocardium ( middle)

Front 108

What is in between the right and left atrium ?

Back 108

The atrioventricular valve

Front 109

What is the largest artery ?

Back 109

The Aorta

Front 110

What is the largest vein ?

Back 110

The Vena Cava

Front 111

Where is the heart located ?

Back 111

Thoracic cavity ( rib cage ) it sits posterior to the media sternum