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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NAVIGATION IN THE BRAIN
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DORSAL-SUPERIOR
VENTRAL-INFERIOR ANTERIOR-ROSTRAL POSTERIOR-CAUDAL |
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CEREBRAL CORTEX
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HAS TWO HEMISPHERES DIVIDE BY THE LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
-NEURONS ARE ARRANGED IN LAYERS ABOUT 3 MM THICK |
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GYRI
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separated by sulci and result from the folding of the cerebral cortex that occurs during development of the nervous system, to achieve an economy of size.
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SULCI
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THREE TYPES:
-PRIMARY: SEPARATE MAJOR LOBES -SECONDARY: INCREASE VARIATION -TERTIARY: HAS MOST INDIVIDUAL VARIATION |
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GRAY MATTER
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COMPOSED PRIMARILY OF NEURONS (OUTSIDE LINING OF THE BRAIN)
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WHITE MATTER
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is composed of myelinated axons, that transmit signals, (inside portion of the brain)
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DENDRITES
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RECEIVE SIGNALS FRIM AXONS
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AXON
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TRANSMITS SIGNALS TO DENDRITE
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CENTRAL SULCUS
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DIVIDS FRONTAL AND PARIETAL LOBE
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FOUR CEREBRAL LOBES
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FRONTAL
PARIETAL TEMPORAL OCCIPITAL |
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NATURE VS. NURTURE
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GENETICS VS. EXPERIENCE
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RENE SPITZ'S RESEARCH
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1940'S, BABIES WERE RAISED IN A FONDLING HOME OTHERS WERE RAISED BY PRISON INMATE MOTHERS. THOS RAISED BY INMATES TURNED OUT NORMAL COMPARED TO THOSE IN FONDLING HOME WHO WERE MORE WITHDRAWN
-BABIES ARE NOT BLANK SLATES AND GENES SHAPE THEIR CAPABILITY TO LEARN |
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NEURAL DEVELOPMENT
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17 days- neural plate begins to develop
19 days- neuralation begins after fertilization (formation of the central nervous system) 25 days- neural plate folds up to form a groove 26 days- tube running the length of the embryo is closed -finishes first in the head then in the tail (becomes spinal cord) -divides into three parts, forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain - then the telencephalon (forms the left and right hemispheres) and the diencephalon form 8 weeks- fetus status is achieved 13 weeks- thalamus and cerebellum are formed 24 weeks- can breathe air and can be controlled by the brain stem |
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TELENCEPHALON
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forms left and right hemispheres, then develops into the Pons, medulla, cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system and cerebral cortex
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diencephalons, mesencehpalon,
metenencephalon, & myencephalon |
PARTS THAT SHOW THEMSELVES DURING NEURALATION
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NEUROGENESIS
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THE GROWTH AND BIRTH OF NEURONS
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NUMBER OF SYNAPSES
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• more synapse equals more plasticity
• critical period is marked by significant reduction in synapses |
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MYELINATION
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• development and function of myelination
o fatty layer of insulation that cover axons o 80% lipid and 20% protein o prevents interference from tightly packed fibers, and enhances the speed of conduction by preventing the leaking of charged ions through pores in the membrane o axons cannot transmit with myelin o deficient in myelin suffer from MS o begins in early gestation for the spinal cord, becomes thickened throughout |
