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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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______________are considered the engine of China’s economic growth throughout the 1990s. • State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) • Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) • Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs) • Multinational Corporations (MNCs) |
Town and Village Enterprises (TVEs) |
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China’s rural industrialization resulted in • a net loss of agricultural land. environmental degradation. • a diversion of state procurement funds for agriculture to the more lucrative TVEs. • All of the above |
All of the above |
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Which of the following does NOT accurately discuss state-owned enterprises (SOEs) before the economic reform launched in 1978? • Their profits were the most important source of government revenue. • They were the backbone of China’s socialist economy. • They constantly reinvested profits to update equipment and technology. • They operated under the mandatory state plan. |
They constantly reinvested profits to update equipment and technology. |
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What was the outcome of the SOE reform after 1978? • SOEs gained the ability to retain a share of their profits. • Job security known as the “iron rice bowl.” • Implementation of the “one big pot” system of egalitarian wages. |
SOEs gained the ability to retain a share of their profits. |
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What was the consequence of the SOE reform in the 1980s? • Massive layoffs of SOE employees • Heavy subsidies to the SOEs provided by the state • Huge increase in profits |
Heavy subsidies to the SOEs provided by the state |
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Corporatization of SOEs in the 1980s involved all of the following EXCEPT • Converting state firms into shareholding corporations. • SOEs’ obligation to care for their employees from cradle to grave • Relieving the state of its unlimited responsibility for SOEs. • Redrawing the boundaries of the state and firm as the former was no longer liable for the entire plant and its employees. |
SOEs’ obligation to care for their employees from cradle to grave |
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What effect did the SOE reform have on labor? • It created winners and losers. • Many younger and better skilled workers were benefited. • Many older employees became dissatisfied with the reforms as they now had to contribute to retirement pension plans. • All of the above |
All of the above |
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The SOE reform and the labor contract system contributed to • decreased labor mobility. • exponential growth in the number of mid-sized and larger private firms. • labor stability. |
exponential growth in the number of mid-sized and larger private firms. |
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Who benefited from China’s accession to the WTO? • Rural farmers • Workers • Factory workers in southern coastal China • Textile workers |
Factory workers in southern coastal China |
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The marketization of the Chinese economy initiated in 1984 involved • the complete dismantlement of the centralized Leninist-CCP state. • centralization of authority in SOEs to improve productivity. • a “director responsibility system” that distinguishes ownership and operation of enterprises. • holding party committees accountable by giving them power to hire and dismiss employees. |
a “director responsibility system” that distinguishes ownership and operation of enterprises. |
