Exam 1 Bio

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Apicomplexans

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mostly animal parasites; plasmodium , malaria

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basidiomycota

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mushrooms with dikayrotic hyphae

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chytridiomycota

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only true fungi with flagella

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dinoflagellates

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red tide ; at least 3 types of chloroplats

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oomycetes

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fungus-like; but with heterokont flagella

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darwinism and evolution by means of nat selection are synonymous. Before Darwin, another famous scientist proposed a diff mechanism for evolutionary change, the inheritance of acquired characteristics. His name is :

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Jean Baptiste Lamarck

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If a deer pop is characterized by negative assortment mating for coat color (in which unlike indiv's tend to mate with eachother ) with allele B coding for brown coats and allel b coding for white coats, which of the followign genotypes would be expected to be more frequent than predicted by the Hardy-Winberg Eqn?

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Bb

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Of the various factors that affect gene combinations in natural populations, which is most likely to produce adaptive combinations of genes?

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natural selection

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a survey of 10,000 humans from democrative republic of congo found a gene frequncy for standard hemoglobin genes (p) of 0.9 and gene frequency for sickle cell anemia hemoglobin (q) of 0.1. The Hardy-Weinberg eqn predicts that the frequency of heterozygotes for the 2 allels in this pop will be ?

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0.18

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in cameroon, a single pop of black-bellied seedcrackres contains small-billed and large-billed individuals, but few individuals with intermediate sized bills. This pattern is consistent with ?

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Disruptive selection for bill size.

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In monarch butterflies, al lelse being equal, what is the probability of a mutation that causes white wing color beign fixed in a founding popution of 10 butterflies?

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1 in 20

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each of the following factors wwill promote genetic variation in a pop ?

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all : balancing selection, sexual reprod, mutation, migration

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The darwinian fitness of an indiv is measured most directly by :

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the number of its offspring that survive and reproduce

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most swiss starlings produce 4/5 eggs in each clutch. Those producing more eggs than five have reduced fitness. Which of the following terms describe this?

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directional selection

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In aristotle's view of the universe:

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saw living things as ordered in a great chain of being

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which of the following must exist in a pop before natural selection can act upon that pop ?

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genetic variation among individuals

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which of the followign is true of darwins views?

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all : species ar erelated by a pattern common descent, the appearance of design in nature is caused byt he action of natural selection; new species continue to be produced byt he action of natural selection ; species are not static, but change over time.

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the rarity of this gas in the earth's early atmosphere may have made possible the abiotic synthesis of organic monomers and polymres ?

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02.

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what is the significance of present-day reibozymes for hypotheses about the orginin of hereditary material?

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they who that RNA can act as an enzyme to aid in self -replication

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in the evolution of true prokaryotic organisms from a more simple protobiont, the first crisis that may have been encountered was :

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the loss of abiotically formed ATP

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which of the following eurkaryotic structures likely arose endosymbiotically?

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-golgi apparatus/ endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear membrane = none of these

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genetic drift tends to increase genetic differences among populations of the same species T/F

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T

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the HW equation predicts that , if all its assumptions are met, genetic varieation in a pop will not change over time

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T

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Random fixation of an allel is more likely to occur in a large pop than in a small one

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F

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Within bird species, females that produce the fewest eggs always have the lowest Darwinian fitness.

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F

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Gene flow leads to loss or fixation of alleles within a pop

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T

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Alleles that are harmful in the homozygous condition will always be removed from pop by natural selection .

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F

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The first prokaryotes to evolve probably used DNA as their hereditry mechanism

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F

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Mitochondria are the result of a single primary endosymbiotic event in which an ancestral aukaryote endocytosed an anaerobic autotrophic bacterium

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F

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The cellular process of glycolysis evolved after oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere.

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F

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The diverese tyeps of chloroplates present in eukaryotes today are the results of a single primary endosymbiotic even followed by numerous secondary/tertiary endosymbiotic events.

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T

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Prokaryoitic organisms that use light as an energy source to split electrons from H20 for fixing CO2 into sugars and thereby releasing 02 as aby-product evolved before organisms that use light to split electorons from H2s

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F

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The first eukaryote probably evolved from ___, heterotrophic ____

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anaerobic, Archae

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_____ speciation may begin by the fragmentation of a formerly contiguous population, such as when plate techtonics splits a land mass in half.

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Allopatric

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Structures that evolve to serve a particular function but become co-opted for another function (ex: gill split supports evolve into jaws) are called

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exaptations

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the basic structure of a multicellular fungus is a filament called :
that gets its nutrients through a process known as :
Fungi reproduce by forming asexual and/or sexual dispersal structures called :

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1) hyphae
2) absoroption
3) spores