Bns 1 Exam- Dr. Leo Definitions

Front 1

Broca's s aphasia

Back 1

Unable to speak fluently, “Broken Speech”. Speech is effortful, sparse, and agrammatic. They can still understand language. Writing is also impaired.
Very frustrated!******

Front 2

Wernicke's aphasia

Back 2

comprhension
Patient has fluent, well-articulated speech but it doesn’t make sense. “Word-Salad.”
Keep on talking! No frustration!

Front 3

The frontal eye field (FEF) drive the eyes to the______ sides

Back 3

opposite

Front 4

Left frontal eye field (FEF) drives both eyes to the ______

Back 4

right

Front 5

Eyes at rest:
What will happen to a person who has a stroke to the left FEF?

Back 5

Eyes at rest: eyes drift to the left
During testing eyes can move to middle but can't move it to the right.

Front 6

Right frontal eye field (FEF) drives both eyes to the ______

Back 6

Left

Front 7

What will happen to a person who has a seizure to the left FEF?

Back 7

Too much activity

Eyes drift to the right, can't move to the left.

Front 8

where does Alzheimer disease starts?

Back 8

hippocampus

Front 9

What is in the temporal lobe?

Back 9

Memory
Hippocampus transfers short term to long term memory – think H.M.
Alzheimer’s Disease starts in the hippocampus
Olfaction
Auditory

Front 10

What is in the parietal lobe?

Back 10

Sensory Integration

Front 11

What is Neglect Syndromes? What part of the brain has the lesion?

Back 11

Parietal lobe
Patient fails to acknowledge one side of the world. Typically results from lesions on the right, thus patients ignore the left side “Hemi-neglect”.

Front 12

Part of the brain stem

Back 12

midbrain
pons
medulla

Front 13

What is the Locked-In Syndrome? Where is the lesion?

Back 13

Bilateral lesion to the pons
Result in the complete loss of all motor function: All voluntary movement, bowel control, bladder, speech, etc.
The only function some of these people have is some sort of eye movement.
All higher intellectual functions are intact

Front 14

What is in the Thalamus?

Back 14

Doorway to the cortex
All sensory information, except for
smell, passes thru the thalamus
on its way to the cortex.
“The Flashlight Hypothesis”
Sits on top of the brain stem
Divided into about twelve different nuclei (depends on what book you read).
“Thalamic Pain Syndrome”: Patients complain of intractable pain coming from the opposite side of the body.

Front 15

All sensory information grow throught the Thalamus except what?

Back 15

smell

Front 16

The Flashlight Hypothesis”

Back 16

Thalamus focus on things you want to focus on an dfilter out everything else.

Front 17

Function of basal ganglia

Back 17

Motor control, deep down in the cortex.
Think of Foster's/histo lectures.

Front 18

Problem in the basal ganglia results in_____

Back 18

difficulty to start and stop movement.

Front 19

Cutting a Spinal Nerve results in what Motor Deficits?

Back 19

LMN problesm:
Absent Reflexes
Decreased Muscle Tone
Atrophy of muscles
Flaccid Paralysis

Front 20

UMN symptoms:

Back 20

Spastic Paralysis
Hyperreflexia
Babinski
Increased Muscle Tone
Muscle Weakness
Disuse Atrophy of muscles
Decreased speed of voluntary movements
Priapism (Maybe)

Front 21

LMN symptoms:

Back 21

Absent reflexes
No Babinski
Decreased Muscle Tone
Atrophy of muscles
Fasciculations "muscle twitch"

Front 22

What is Spinal Shock Syndrome?

Back 22

Follows acute damage to the spinal cord. All cord functions below the level of the lesion become depressed. Thus there are ipsilateral lower motor neuron signs. In most patients this will last for 24 hours. The presence of spinal shock can be tested by testing the anal reflex. An absent anal reflex would indicate the presence of spinal shock.
The absence of bulbocavernosus reflex indicates spinal shock or damage to reflex arc (LMN). This is the first reflex to return following spinal shock.

Front 23

Romberg sign

Back 23

A patient who can stand with their feet together and eyes open, but who sways and falls when the eyes are closed has Romberg Sign. This indicates an absence of position sense in the lower limbs.

Front 24

Cutting a Spinal Nerve results in what Motor Deficits?

Back 24

LMN problesm:
Absent Reflexes
Decreased Muscle Tone
Atrophy of muscles
Flaccid Paralysis

Front 25

UMN symptoms:

Back 25

Spastic Paralysis
Hyperreflexia
Babinski
Increased Muscle Tone
Muscle Weakness
Disuse Atrophy of muscles
Decreased speed of voluntary movements
Priapism (Maybe)

Front 26

LMN symptoms:

Back 26

Absent reflexes
No Babinski
Decreased Muscle Tone
Atrophy of muscles
Fasciculations "muscle twitch"

Front 27

Your patient states that over the past several months she has burned her hands several times on the stove because she has not noticed the pain. You examine her and notice that she lost pain and temperature sensations from her hands and inner arm. You also find weakness of her hand muscles.

Back 27

Syringomyelia

Front 28

What does Pain and Temperature in the Grey matter?

Back 28

Substantia gelatinosa

Front 29

Subacute combined degeneration

Back 29

B12 deficiency, anemia
Demyelination of DC, Spinocerebellar tracts and CST

Front 30

Syringomyelia

Back 30

cavitation of the cord, bilateral loss of pain and temperature at the level of the lesion
muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, atrophy of the upper limb muscles due to destruction of ventral horn cells.

Front 31

Hemisection: Brown-Sequard syndrome result in what in
DC
CST
LMN

Back 31

DC:ipsilateral loss of sensation at that and below level.
CST: ipsilateral paralysis below the lesion
LMN: flaccid pralysis at the level of the lesion

Front 32

Horner syndrome

Back 32

if the hemisection leasion is above T1.
Result in facial hemianhydrosis
ptosis
miosis

Front 33

Polio

Back 33

Attacking the ventral horn
LMN
flaccid paralysis
muscle atrophy
no reflex

Front 34

Tabes dorsalis

Back 34

effect DH.
Bilateral DC below lesion
Associated with late stage syphillis
Romberg sign: sways away with eyes closed

Front 35

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 35

Affects ASL and Ventral horn
Multiple lesions
Progressive spinal muscular atrophy (ventral horn)
Primary lateral sclerosis (CST)
-spastic pralysis in LL
-increased tone and reflex
-flaccid paralysis in UL
USUSALLY takes years!!!

Front 36

Anterior Spinal Artery occlusion

Back 36

DC spared everything else bilateral

Front 37

where is the lesion?
Lost Pain and Temp on the right and +Babinski sign on the left

Back 37

spinal cord lesion

Front 38

Lost pain and temperature on the right and + Babinski sign on the right
where is the lesion?

Back 38

cortex