Exam 1

Front 1

Dalai Lama

Back 1

the Spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism and , until establishment of Chinese communist rule, the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet.

Front 2

Confusianism

Back 2

A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confusius and developed by Mencius.

Front 3

Daoism

Back 3

A philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (meanig "way," "path" or "principle")

Front 4

What was the traveling direction of Buddist teachings once arizing from Shakyamuni.

Back 4

From North East India--> Ceylon (Sri Lanka)--> Tibet--> China-->Korea--> Japan--> Canada--> USA

Front 5

Theravadin

Back 5

Buddhism conservative view that emphasizes the down-to-earth, practical example of an exceptional man, Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha.

Front 6

Mahayana

Back 6

This is the more creative view of Buddhism that emphasizes the divine character of teh Buddha, who revealed to his precocious followers profound insights of human minds, heavens, and hells.

Front 7

Brahman

Back 7

A member of the highest Hindu cast, that of the priesthood; the ultimate reality underlying all phenomena.

Front 8

Sarnath

Back 8

The Buddha's first sermon

Front 9

Mara

Back 9

The eveil one who tempted the Buddha at Bodhgaya

Front 10

Sangha

Back 10

The Buddhist monastic order. Buddhism accepted both monks and nuns. (Buddhist religious order that included ascetics and eventually, lay-people, was first organization.

Front 11

Arhats

Back 11

Enlightened Holy person

Front 12

Dharma

Back 12

In Buddhism, law, it can be the law of the universe or the law or tradition taught by the Buddha.

Front 13

ascetic

Back 13

characterized by or suggesting the practice of severe self-discipline and abstention from all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons: an ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and manual labor; a narrow, humorless, ascetic face.

Front 14

Ten Precepts

Back 14

1) Not taking life
2) Not stealing
3) Being chaste
4) Not lying
5) Not drinking intoxicants
6) Eating moderately and not after noon
7) Avoiding spectacles such as singing or dramas
8) Not using flowers, perfumes, or jewelry
9) Using Simple Beds
10) Accepting no gold or silver

Front 15

What was Buddha's mission while living simply as an example to monks?

Back 15

To overcome suffering and to help all who would receive the Noble Truths find Nirvana

Front 16

Nirvana

Back 16

[Buddhism] a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and samsara. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.
[Hinduism] liberation of the soul from the effects of karma and from bodily existence.

Front 17

What were the Three Jewels of Buddhism that were recited?

Back 17

"I take refuge in the Buddha, I take refuge in the Dharma, and I take refuge in the Sangha."

Front 18

Tathagata

Back 18

A title of the Buddha, meaning one who has thus gone.

Front 19

What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

Back 19

1) All of life is suffering, dukkha
2) The cause of suffering is craving, tanha
3) The end of suffering is getting rid of craving and grasping
4) The method to use in overcoming suffering is the Eightfold Path.

Front 20

What does the Eightfold Path of Buddhism consist of?

Back 20

1) Right View: The disciple gains proper knowledge about illness-- how he/she becomes ill, endures illness, and is released from illness.
2) Right Aim: The disciple must be prepared to renounce attachment to the world and give benevolence and kindness.
3) Right Speech: The disciple must not lie, slander, or use abusive or idle talk.
4) Right Action: The disciple must abstain from taking life, from taking what is not given, and from carnal indulgence.
5) Right Living: The disciple must put away wring livelihood, acts that are condemned in the fourth step, and seek to support him/herself by right livelihood
6) Right Effort: The disciple applies the force of his/her mind to preventing potential evil from arising in him/herself, and to awakening and sustaining food potentials within him/herself
7) Right Mindfulness: The disciple looks on the body so as to remain ardent, self-possessed, and mindful. The disciple has overcome the craving and dejection common in the world. The disciple also looks on each idea, avoiding craving and dejection common in the world.
8) Right Concentration: Aloof from sensuous appetites and evil desires, the disciple enters the first jhana (meditative state), where there is cognition and deliberation born of solitude, joy, and ease. The disciple moves a step toward the fourth jhana--purity of mind and equanimity where neither ease nor ill is felt.

Front 21

Jhana

Back 21

Buddhist meditation, or the sate reached in Buddhist meditation.

Front 22

What is the Eightfold Path of Buddhism?

Back 22

The fourth Noble Truth, the path of deliverance in Buddhism

Front 23

Tanha

Back 23

In Buddhism, the thirst or craving that leads to suffering. In the 2nd Noble Truth, it is identified as the cause of suffering.

Front 24

Dukkha

Back 24

The Buddhist term for the suffering of humans and other sentient beings. (physical and mental phenomena)

Front 25

How did Buddha develop his basic teachings?

Back 25

Similarly to the way a physician diagnoses an illness. What are the symptoms? What is causing the suffering? What can be done to alleviate the distress? What is the Txmnt?

Front 26

Skandhas

Back 26

Five strands, similar to strands in a skein of yarn, that constitute the self. (Rupa, feelings, perception, volition, Consciousness)

Front 27

How did Buddha, though carrying some similarities, differ from that of Hindu belief?

Back 27

Buddha differed sharply with Hindu in that Buddha believed there exists no true self but a self that could only exist alongside the 5 strands of experience, skandhas.

Front 28

Nirvana according to Buddhism

Back 28

the state of being free of egocentrism and the suffering that it causes. Positively, it is joy and peace.

Front 29

Do Buddhist have a collection of "sacred writings," such as the Hindus?

Back 29

Yes but, unlike the Hindus, Buddhists are not bound to the Vedas, or to the entire collection of Buddhist writings.

Front 30

Sutra (sutta)

Back 30

a rule or aphorism in Sanskrit literature, or a set of these on a technical subject. a Buddhist scripture

Front 31

Tripitaka

Back 31

The "three baskets" collection of Buddhist scriptures. It is composed of the "Vinaya Pitaka" (monastic rules), the "Sutta Pitaka" (discourses), and the "Abhidhamma Pitaka" (supplement to the doctrines)

Front 32

What three results did the First Buddhist Councils agree apon? (Ananda & Upali)

Back 32

The affirmation of the authority of the religious community, the purity of the monks, and the establishment of essential, official scriptures.

Front 33

Theravadins
(conservative)

Back 33

The elders, monks who imitated the Buddha's ascetic life to attain enlightenmen (Favor imitating the Buddha in monasticism or asceticism)

Front 34

Mahayanists
(liberal)

Back 34

Those of the great vehicle, who emphasized universal Buddhist enlightenment.

Front 35

Monastic

Back 35

of or relating to monks, nuns, or other living under religious vows, or the buildings in which they live.

Front 36

arhat

Back 36

A monk who attains supreme enlightenment

Front 37

Jatakas

Back 37

stories of the Buddha's previous lives.

Front 38

Maitreya

Back 38

The Buddha who will appear in the future. Sanskrit, from mitra "friend or friendship"

Front 39

Hinayana

Back 39

a pejorative name given by the followers of Mahayana Buddhism to the more conservative schools of early Buddhism. The tradition died out in India, but it survived in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) as the Theravada school and was take from there to other regions of the Southeast Asia.

Front 40

Bodhisattvas

Back 40

In Buddhism, people who have qualified to enter Nirvana, but who, out of compassion for others, remain available to help others.

Front 41

Nagarjuna

Back 41

The Buddhist philosopher of the second century C.E. who established the Madhyamika school of philosophy.

Front 42

Madhyamika

Back 42

The Buddhist philosophy that the phenomenal objects one experiences are not ultimately real. Nagarjuna founded the Madhyamika school.

Front 43

Vajrayana

Back 43

The Tantric tradition of Buddhism, especially when regarded as distinct from the Mahayana tradition from which it developed. ("thunderbold" the god Indra's symbolic vehicle)