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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four criteria of natural selection?
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-Individuals within populations are variable
-These variations are passed from parent to offspring -In every generation, some individuals are more successful at surviving and reproducing than others -Survival and reproduction is not random. Those individuals with favorable variations are better at surviving and reproducing. |
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What is the New Synthesis?
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The New Synthesis combing Darwin's mechanism of natural selection with genetics.
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Natural Selection...
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-acts on individuals but its consequences occur in populations
-acts on phenotypes but evolution consists of changes in allele frequencies -is not forward thinking -does not lead to perfection -is the nonrandom survival of random variants -acts on individuals, not for the good of the species -has no goal |
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Microevolution
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the study of changes in allele frequencies within a population
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What are the four criteria of natural selection?
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-Individuals within populations are variable
-These variations are passed from parent to offspring -In every generation, some individuals are more successful at surviving and reproducing than others -Survival and reproduction is not random. Those individuals with favorable variations are better at surviving and reproducing. |
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What are the four criteria of natural selection?
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-Individuals within populations are variable
-These variations are passed from parent to offspring -In every generation, some individuals are more successful at surviving and reproducing than others -Survival and reproduction is not random. Those individuals with favorable variations are better at surviving and reproducing. |
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Macroevolution
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the study of changes in allele frequencies between populations or speciation
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What is the New Synthesis?
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The New Synthesis combing Darwin's mechanism of natural selection with genetics.
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What is the New Synthesis?
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The New Synthesis combing Darwin's mechanism of natural selection with genetics.
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|
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Natural Selection...
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-acts on individuals but its consequences occur in populations
-acts on phenotypes but evolution consists of changes in allele frequencies -is not forward thinking -does not lead to perfection -is the nonrandom survival of random variants -acts on individuals, not for the good of the species -has no goal |
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Natural Selection...
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-acts on individuals but its consequences occur in populations
-acts on phenotypes but evolution consists of changes in allele frequencies -is not forward thinking -does not lead to perfection -is the nonrandom survival of random variants -acts on individuals, not for the good of the species -has no goal |
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Microevolution
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the study of changes in allele frequencies within a population
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Microevolution
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the study of changes in allele frequencies within a population
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Macroevolution
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the study of changes in allele frequencies between populations or speciation
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Macroevolution
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the study of changes in allele frequencies between populations or speciation
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Example of Evolution: HIV
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-Responsible for 5% of deaths world wide
-More than 65 mil people infected -By 2020, ~90mil ppl will have died from HIV -Transmitted person to person when bodily fluid containing the virus comes in contact with a mucous membrane or the blood stream -intracellular parasite -parasites immune cells; macrophages and T cells -uses the host cells' energy to make copies of itself and then destroys it in the process -Body responds by killing virions in own blood stream and cells containing the virus (however these cells are crucial for the immune system) -CD4 helper T cells are depleted and the immune system collapses and opportunistic infxns can occur -Drug, AZT initially halted the loss of immune cells -Eventually patients stopped responding; virions within a patient evolved resistance to AZT through NS. |
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Adaptations
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traits that increase the fitness of an individual
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How do you determine if a trait is an adaptation?
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1). Figure out what the function is
2). Show that individuals with the trait pass more genes on to the next generation (produce more viable offspring) |
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Phenotypic Plasticity
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AKA genotype-by-environment interaction
-Phenotypes are said to be plastic when individuals with identical genotypes exhibit different phenotypes when reared in different environments -Adaptive when it allows individuals to adjust their phenotype so as to increase their fitness in a particular environment |
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Trade-Offs
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A compromise among competing demands
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