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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is taxonomy? |
The science of classification according to the inferred (presumed) relationships among organisms. |
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What is a method of naming organisms by using two names - the genus name and the species name? |
Binomial Nomenclature |
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What is a genus? |
The first part of a binomial name; including several. |
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What is a group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring? |
A species |
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What is a taxa? |
A category used to classify organisms. |
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What is a kingdom originally proposed for all unicellular organisms such as amoeba called? |
Protista |
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What is Monera? |
A kingdom within a five kingdom system that includes organisms that lack a true nucleus. |
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What is a kingdom within a six kingdom system that consists of prokaryotic microorganisms distinct from eubacteria that possesses a cell wall not containing peptidoglycan and that live in harsh environments such as salt lakes and thermal vents? |
Archaebacteria |
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What is eubacteria? |
A kingdom within a six kingdom system consisting of prokaryotic microorganisms that posses a peptidoglycan cell wall. |
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What is the history of the evolution of a species or a group of organisms called? |
Phylogeny |
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What is dichotomous key? |
A two part key used to identify living things. (Di means two) |
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What is paleontology? |
The study of fossils. |
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What is a technique used to determine the age of a rock or fossil? |
Radiometric dating |
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What is the study of the geographic distribution of life on Earth? |
Biogeography |
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What does the term endemic mean? |
It is used to describe a species that is found in one location only. |
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What are features with similar structures but different functions called? |
Homologous features |
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What are analogous features? |
Features that are similar in appearance and function, but do not appear to have the same evolutionary origin. |
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What are rudimentary structures with no useful function within an organism called? |
Vestigial features |
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What is DNA? |
The molecule that makes up genetic material. |
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What is a segment of DNA that performs a specific function, such as coding for a particular coding called? |
A gene |
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What is artificial selection? |
The process of humans selecting and breeding individuals with the desired traits. |
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What is the belief that living things arose from non living matter called? |
Spontaneous generation |
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What is the concept known as inheritance of acquired characteristics? |
A false concept of inheritance of features acquired during the life of an individual. |
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What is the result of differential reproductive success of individuals caused by variations in their inherited characteristics? |
Natural selection |
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What is a mutation? |
A change in the DNA sequence in a chromosome. |
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What is a mutation that has no effect on an organism called? |
A neutral mutation |
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What is fitness? |
An organisms reproductive success. |
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What is a mutation that reduces and organisms fitness called? |
A harmful mutation |
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What is a beneficial mutation? |
A mutation that enhances and organisms fitness. |
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What are all the genes in a certain population called? |
The gene pool |
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What is asexual reproduction? |
The production of offspring from a single parent; offspring inherit the genes of that parent only. |
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What are offspring from the same parent or parents called? |
Siblings |
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What is sexual reproduction? |
The profiting of offspring by union of sex cells from two different parents; the offspring inherit a combination of genes from both parents |
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What is the formation of a new species called? |
Speciation |
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What is allopatric speciation? |
Speciation by reproductive isolation. |
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What is the idea that speciation takes place slowly called? |
The Theory of Gradualism |
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What is the theory of punctuated equilibrium? |
The idea that species evolve rapidly, followed by a period of little or no change. |
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What is the evolution into many different species called? |
Divergent evolution |
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What is an adaptation? |
An inherited trait or set of traits that improve the chances of survival and reproduction of organisms. |
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What is an adaptation? |
An inherited trait or set of traits that improve the chances of survival and reproduction of organisms. |
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What is evolution? |
The cumulative changes in characteristics of populations of organisms in successive genetics. |
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What are examples of direct evidence? |
Paleontology and Phylogeny |
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What are examples of direct evidence? |
Paleontology and Phylogeny |
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What is an example of indirect evidence? |
Embryology |
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What are examples of direct evidence? |
Paleontology and Phylogeny |
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What is an example of indirect evidence? |
Embryology |
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What does the phrase "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" mean? |
The whole course of development during an individual's life recapitulates the ancestral lineage. |
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What is physiology? |
The study of the processes which go on in living organisms. The close similarities of physiological processes of unrelated species suggest a common history. |
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What is physiology? |
The study of the processes which go on in living organisms. The close similarities of physiological processes of unrelated species suggest a common history. |
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What is biochemical evidence? |
All organisms share similar DNA molecules and certain proteins. |
