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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
How old is the earth for Christians and Evolutionists
how old is the universe |
<10,000 and 4.5 billion
13.7 billion |
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Speed of Light (number)
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300*10^6 m/sec (300,000km)
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light year (number)
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4.5*10^12km
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Our galaxy name
What type of galaxy How long is it |
Milkey Way
Spiral 100,000 LY across |
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What comprises the triple star system
How far are they away |
Alpha centauri A and B, Proxima centauri
4 LY away |
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How many galaxies are in our local group
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30 galaxies
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The center of the supercluster is what
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The Virgo Cluster
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Define String Theory
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Matter occurs in strings, "cosmic foam"
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What is Hubble famous for
and describe |
Spectroscopic analysis
Doppler effect red shift = moving away blue shift = moving toward |
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What is the Hubble constant
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10^6 LY @ 15km/sec
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Arno Penzias
Robert Wilson |
backround radiation from the big bang
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Feyman radio
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people from the future can communicate with the past
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Hertzsprung Russel diagram does what
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shows a snapshot of current space, relates luminosity to brightness as a function of temp
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What type of sun do we have
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Yellow class 6 star
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What is the main sequence
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where the suns are located for 10^10 gigayears
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What is the name and type of our Sun
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Sol, Yellow Star class 6, 1 solar mass
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How are planets measured
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Solar Mass = 2*10^33 grams
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What happens to a star based on its size
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>1.2 sm, burns out
<1.2 sm, supernove, black hole (1987) |
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Anaximander
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life arose in water, fish went to land
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Empedocles
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replacement by harmonious forms, animals formed by attaching different parts
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Democritos
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matter is composed of rapidly moving atoms
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Lucretius
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wrote Dererum Natura (Natural Selection)
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Socrates
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influenced by sophists, value arguement over substance
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Plato
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theory of forms, everything is a poor imitation of perfection, variation = insignificant
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Aristotle
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scala naturae (scale of nature) - Christian Fundamentalist, positions of the ladder are immutable
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Copernicus
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Heliocentrism
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Sir Thomas Brownje
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religio medici - the dualness of science and religion
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John Ussher
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earth made in 4004 BC - 60,000 years old based on Biblical generations
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Linaiaeus
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Systema Naturae - units of classification, binomial system
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George Luis Leclere
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aka Compte de Bufon, wrote Histier Naturelle = degeneration = evolution/natural selection
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Erasmus Darwin and John Baptiste Lemark
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inheritance of acquired characteristics
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William Paley
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Natural Theology - clergy describing nature
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James Hutton
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father of historical geology
wrote Theory of the Earth, heat engine at earths core |
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Charles Lyell
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wrote Principle of Geology
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uniformitarianism
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physical processes that are working now have always been working
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catastrophism
stratigraphy |
the earth is young, god changed the earth with catastrophes
relationships of strata |
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Steno's law
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setiments higher than others are younger
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Baron Georges Culvier
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father of comparitive anatomy and vertebrae paleontology
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Thomas Malthus
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Essay on the Principles of Population - a mathematical relationship b/t people and their resources
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Robert Chambers
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attacked Huxley who talked about individual differences inspecies
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The Origin of Species
presented in and spurred on by |
1859 Thomas Henry Huxley
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Had the same idea as Darwin
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Alfred Wallace
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Origin of Species pro and con
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Provided a mechanism for natural selection, lacked a modern concept of inheritance
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Darwin studied what before fossils
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coral atolls (coral on volcanoes)
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Richard Owen
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named dinosaria
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Ernst Mayr
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biological species concept, based on gene flow, interbreed with but not between species
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GG Simpson and Wiley
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speices aren't static entities, they have evolved
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lineage defined
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chronological history
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character concept defined
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each species is defined by its characteristics
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hybrid zone define
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evolutionary stage for recent species evolution
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Barriers to gene flow
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premating, postzygotic
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premating barriers
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ecological isolation
behavior isolation - not recognizing mates |
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prezygotic barriers
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no viable offspring
gametic isolation - different species gametes fail to unite |
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postzygotic barriers
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hybrid inviability
hybring sterility (mule) |
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allopatric, simpatric
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seperate, same location
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isotope
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an unstable form of a stable element, produces a product at a constant rate
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examples of decaying isotopes
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U->Th, C->N, K->Ar
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Uranium -> thorium, carbon -> nitrogen, potassium -> argon
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half-life
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the time required for 1/2 of its atoms to decay
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half-life of carbon, how far does C14 date back
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5730, 50,000 yrs
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K->Ar can date...
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non-organic volcanic rocks, basalts, and ashes
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Methods of dating
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fission-track, thermoluminescence, varbles, magnetic fields, stratigraphy, biostratigraphy
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Fission-track
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obsidian -> volcanic glass, we measure the number of tracks
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thermoluminesce
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electrons become trapped inside structures, when glass is heated, it releases electrons (light)
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varbles
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in a lake sequence see varbles, counts the yearly cycles
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paleomagnetism
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the change in the earths magnetic field
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stratigraphy
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the study of different levels of statrum and strata
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biostratigraphy
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animals dated in other areas using ash can translate to areas w/out ash or rock to determine their age
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center of the earth is called
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mantel
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Alfred Wegener
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suggested supericontinental Pangaea
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Vine and Matthews
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plate tectonics, looked at paleomagnetic ridges of the sea floor, subduction, Himalayas
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plate tectonics was discovered via
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via paleomagnetism - magnetic polarity timescale,
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biogeography
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the study of the distribution of organisms and the processes tha tled to those distributions
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vicariance
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animal division via splitting the continents
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persperma hypothesis
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simple organsims from outer space came here
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Where did Hz0 come from
example |
bombardment of coments
Beta Pictoris |
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Alexander Operin
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first suggested abiotic synthesis
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Haroly Urey
Stanley Miller |
life evolved from Hz, OCz, HzO, and CH4 --> amino acids, lactic acids
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cell walls are made of
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phospholipids
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plants get their energy made by
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cholorplasts and mitochondria
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earliest rocks
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3.8 ga
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earliest fossils
found in |
3.6-3.4
Apex Chert, Australia |
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first fossil
who described it |
Primafilium
Schopf |
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Archean/Criptozoic Period
contained what life forms and where |
4.6ga - 590ma
stromatolites in Shark Bay Australia |
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Vendian Period
marked as contained what animal |
2.6ga
the glacial regressions Vendobionta (different phylum) |
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Cambrian Explosion
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550 mya
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Cambrian Explosion famous example
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Burgess Shale in BC Canda, lagerstatten, trilobites, appearance of many taxa
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Who discovered Burgess Shale
What was written about it |
Walcott
Wonderful Life by Gould |
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Pikaia
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earliest known cordate
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